I N limning the etymology of the concept of the life course, Alwin makes a number of prime points and paves the way toward further conceptual development. For me, one of the more prominent takeaway messages is that there is no standard model—to borrow a phrase from particle physics. He makes clear that life course analysis is not an exact science, and, sticking with the same analogy for a bit l...

Software is a class of electronic object which is by its very nature digital, and the preservation of software is often a vital prerequisite to the preservation of other electronic objects. However, software has many characteristics that make preserving it substantially more challenging than for many other types of digital object. Software is inherently complex, normally composed of a very larg...

ikhwan-al-safa and khollan-al-wafa are islamic philosophers with scientific,religious and goals and viewpoints. their epistemology is based on greekphilosophy and islamic principles. according to their opinions, religion was facingcorruption and despotism. so, the only way to reform was the greek philosophy. inpolitical aspect, considering decline, corruption and decentralization in abbasid’sst...

Background: In embryological culture dishes, there is a temperature decline when they are removed outside incubators. This study aimed at investigating the effects of this temperature decline within a certain time frame, the type of culture dish with or without the use of laminar air flow and whether it is possible to achieve a sufficient thermal control with the use of a heating stage. Materia...