Counterfactuals have become a popular technique nowadays for interacting with black-box machine learning models and understanding how to change particular instance obtain desired outcome from the model. However, most existing approaches assume instant materialization of these changes, ignoring that they may require effort specific order application. Recently, methods been proposed also consider...

In this technical report we define an operational net semantics for the stochastic process algebra MPA based on generalized stochastic Petri nets. As a consequence of the definition of such a semantics, we present an interesting modeling technique for concurrent systems which is based on MPA. 1. Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

The paper presents a description of some point of view of different authors related to the failures and exceptions that appear in workflows, as a direct consequence of unavailability of resources involved in the workflow. Each of these interpretations is typical for a certain situation, depending on the authors' interpretation of failures and exceptions in workflows modeling real dynamical syst...