Condensed representations of pattern collections have been recognized to be important building blocks of inductive databases, a promising theoretical framework for data mining, and recently they have been studied actively. However, there has not been much research on how condensed representations should actually be represented. In this paper we propose a general approach to build condensed repr...

Undesired mail, such as commercials, is called spam in mail services. Spit is what spam is for mail services, unsolicited communications. The difference in spit and spam is that spam can be checked before the delivery to the recipient and spit can be reliably detected only after the call is made. Voice over IP (VoIP) community has adopted a more peer-to-peer approach, in which the registrars an...

Contract has been conceptualized as a species of promise. This prevailing approach obscures essential differences between legally binding and everyday, or “private,” promises. The moral character of a private promise depends on the fact that it is not only freely made but also freely kept. Contractual promises are not intended to have and do not have this voluntary character. In making a privat...

In a microwave background polarization map that covers only part of the sky, it is impossible to separate the E and B components perfectly. This difficulty in general makes it more difficult to detect the B component in a data set. Any polarization map can be separated in a unique way into " pure E, " " pure B, " and " ambiguous " components. Power that resides in the pure E (B) component is gu...

By treating mouse fibroblasts with varying concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and measuring the resulting shifts in the production of transcription factors NFB and ATF-2, the researchers determined that individual cells are essentially capable of a one-bit response to this ligand, where signaling is simply on or ‘off.’ Many intermediate steps lie between TNF and NFB, and the authors ...

We sharpen a result of Hansel on separating set systems. We also extend a theorem of Spencer on completely separating systems by proving an analogue of Hansel’s result.

Suppose that a sequence of numbers xn (a ‘signal’) is transmitted through a noisy channel. The receiver observes a noisy version of the signal with additive random fluctuations, xn + ξn, where ξn is a sequence of independent standard Gaussian random variables. Suppose further that the signal is known to come from some fixed space X of possible signals. Is it possible to fully recover the transm...

One recently proposed criterion to separate two datasets in discriminant analysis, is to use a hyperplane which minimises the sum of distances to it from all the misclassified data points. Here all distances are supposed to be measured by way of some fixed norm, while misclassification means lying on the wrong side of the hyperplane, or rather in the wrong halfspace. In this paper we study the ...