introduction: the lack of adequate blood perfusion through different organs of the body, including the brain and skull, can be caused by any type of circulation abnormality. the purpose of this study is to compare cephalometric indices between infants under the age of 12 months who have congenital heart disease (chd) and normal infants. materials and methods: this case-control study was carried...

purpose: to evaluate refractive state in patients with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. methods: in this descriptive prospective study, patients with unilateral congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction scheduled for surgery were enrolled over a period of two years (2007-2009). cycloplegic refractive error in both eyes was measured under anesthesia before surgery (probing, si...

congenital generalized lipodystrophy (cgl) is a rare and progressive disorder (1 in 12 milion). common clinical manifestations are lipoatrophy, acromegaloid feature, acanthosis nigricans, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus or abnormal glucose tolerance test.â rarely fatty liver and cirrhosis is seen. the highest number reported in literature is 8 cases from brazil and 6 cases from scandinavia, r...

objective(s) carbamazepine (cbz) is an antiepileptic drug that is used widely for the treatment of epileptic seizures. neural tube defects (ntds), growth retardation, and nail hypoplasia are the most common features of teratogenic effects of this drug. the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin b6 on the developmental toxicity of cbz on mice. materials and methods sixty balb...

background: some congenital defects can be prevented in the pregestational stage. however, many health professionals are not prepared to provide counselling to couples regarding the same. objective: this study aimed to assess the performance of doctors and nurses from a primary health-care unit in florianopolis, brazil, in preventing birth defects in the preconception period based on the recomm...

background: coronary arteriovenous fistulas (cavfs) are direct connections from one or more coronary arteries to cardiac chambers or a large vessel. they are mostly of congenital origin. the aim of this study was to describe clinical presentation and also delineate the course and management of cavf. methods: clinical data, chest x-rays, echocardiographic and angiographic evaluation of 40 patien...

the incidence of stone disease among patients with congenital renal anomalies including malrotated kidney is more than in normal population due to poor urine drainage and stasis (1). various minimally invasive options have been used for the management. ureteroscopy and holmium:yag laser lithotripsy have been reported with favorable outcomes (2). we report a 30-year-old male who presented to our...

a fifteen-year-old torkaman girl with turner's mosaic kariotype is presented. she has had congenital esophageal stenosis with severe dysphagia since birth and iron deficincy anemia in addition to other classical features of the syndrome. according to author's knowledge this is the first report of a new congenital structural gastrointestinal anomaly with this disease.

A previous cross-sectional serological survey of various age groups (0-55 years) of the Malaysian normal population showed that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is highly endemic in Malaysia. A total of 1,688 infants (0-4 months) with congenital abnormalities were screened for evidence of congenital CMV infection and the rest of the TORCHES (TOxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, HErpes simple...