Buprenorphine is abused in several countries notwithstanding its benefits as an analgesic and opioid agonist treatment medication. Benzodiazepines alcohol have previously been associated with buprenorphine toxicity. This study elucidates the role of emerging concomitant drugs different groups user deaths. All cases Finnish national post-mortem toxicology database from 2016–2019 which or norbupr...