We introduce a strict version of the concept of a load/store instruction set architecture in the setting of Maurer machines. We take the view that transformations on the states of a Maurer machine are achieved by applying threads as considered in thread algebra to the Maurer machine. We study how the transformations on the states of the main memory of a strict load/store instruction set archite...

For each function on bit strings, its restriction to bit strings of any given length can be computed by a finite instruction sequence that contains only instructions to set and get the content of Boolean registers , forward jump instructions, and a termination instruction. Backward jump instructions are not necessary for this, but instruction sequences can be significantly shorter with them. We...

L2 research has shown that instruction in L2 pragmatics is necessary. The current study evaluated the impact of explicit instruction on EFL learner's awareness and production of three speech acts of request, apology, and complaint. It also probed whether learners’ language proficiency plays any role in incorporating pragmatic instruction into the L2 classroom. Iranian undergraduate students maj...

A randomized-controlled study compared the preparatory effects of problem-posing on learning from subsequent instruction. Students engaged in problem-posing either with solution generation (where they generated problems and solutions to a novel situation) or problem-posing without solution generation (where they generated only problems) prior to learning a novel math concept. Problem-posing wit...

 As an integrative component of textual structure, formulaic expressions (FEs) play a key role in communicating the message and comprehending the text. Furthermore, interlingually contrastive features of FEs add to their both significance and complexity of their instruction. Given these facts, this study was an attempt to explore a sound mechanism on how to teach FEs; whether an explicit or CA-...

Compiled knowledge, which allows macro inference steps through an explanation space, can enable explanation-based learning (EBL) systems to reason efficiently in complex domains. Without this knowledge, the explanation of goal concepts is not generally feasible; moreover, the problem of finding the most general operational concept definition is intractable. Unfortunately, the use of compiled kn...

In this article we report on the experiments conducted by the IPL team within the context of the ImageCLEF 2014 challenge on Scalable Concept Image Annotation. Our approach encompasses, a CBIR phase following with a concept extraction procedure. The content based retrieval utilizes Latent Semantic Analysis on a set of multiple Compact Composite Features to retrieve the most similar images and i...