The present study tested the hypothesis that children's fluency with basic number facts and knowledge of computational strategies, derived from early arithmetic experience, predicts their performance on complex arithmetic problems. First-grade students from United States and Taiwan (N = 152, mean age: 7.3 years) were presented with problems that differed in difficulty: single-, mixed-, and doub...

This is an experimental study which aimed at investigating the ralationsship between working memory capacity and measures of L2 speech performance in a picture description task. The main assumption underlying the present study was that L2 speaking is a complex cognitive task which is carried out within the constraints of a limited-capacity system, namely, working memory. In this system, there a...

Sentence fluency is an important component of overall text readability but few studies in natural language processing have sought to understand the factors that define it. We report the results of an initial study into the predictive power of surface syntactic statistics for the task; we use fluency assessments done for the purpose of evaluating machine translation. We find that these features ...

Ordinate developed an automatic assessment of oral reading fluency that was administered to a large sample of American adults. Because fluent reading entails accuracy, the machine evaluations of oral reading accuracy were assessed. This paper reviews the methods and results of a study to assess accuracy and bias within a large-scale automatic assessment of oral reading fluency. An experiment co...

Coronary artery fistulae (CAF) are rare anomalies. They are vascular communications between the coronary arteries and other cardiac structures, either cardiac chambers or great vessels. There can be considerable variation in the course of a coronary artery fistula. We report a case of a coronary artery fistula between the left circumflex coronary artery and the right and left atria. CAF are oft...

The different level of transparency of letter-sound mapping in various orthographies has been found to influence reading development across languages. The Hebrew orthography represents a special case of within language design with two versions of the script, a transparent (vowelized) and an opaque one (unvowelized). In this study we conducted a within and between comparison of word reading flue...

This study tested the hypothesis whether older dyslexic children may obtain fewer gains on fluency and accuracy with respect to their younger peers after specific remediation.Changes in accuracy and fluency of a group of children with a diagnosis of dyslexia attending third and fourth grades were compared with those obtained by a group of children attending the sixth, seventh or eighth grade in...

This paper analyzes the performance of Channel Side Information (CSI)-assisted cooperative amplify-andforward (CAF) relay networks that employ both the node placement (i.e., relay position) based optimal power allocation policy among collaborating nodes and adaptive M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)/ M-ary phase shift keying (M-PSK) techniques in generalized wireless fading environm...

This study examines the impact of a semester study abroad experience in Argentina on the second language acquisition of three American university Spanish learners. The goal is to measure development of two aspects of oral communication skills: fluency and performance in the oral functions of narration, and description and supporting an opinion. Research has shown that immersion in the target cu...