in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...

In order to study of drought stress and normal irrigation effect on seed germination and seedling vigor of 10 oilseed rape spring genotypes, RGS003, Sarigol, Option 500, RGS006, 19_H, ORS3150-3006, ORS3150-3008, RG4403, RG405/03 and RGAS0324, an experiment was conducted as factorial, based on a completely randomized design with four replications, in the seed analysis laboratory of Seed and Plan...

Recently, great emphasis has been placed on using soilless media in greenhouse culture for evaluation of plant nutritional efficiency. A factorial experiment, in a completely randomized design with three replications, was conducted to categorize wheat genotypes according to their Zn acquisition efficiency (ZACE) and Zn utilization efficiency (ZUTE). To study the Zn acquisition and utilization e...

Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that limits rice productivity in the world. In this study 83 diverse rice genotypes were evaluated under reproductive-stage drought stress and non-stress conditions in a completely randomized design with three replications. Eleven well known stress tolerance and susceptibility indices were calculated based on the grain yield under stress and n...

Early autumnal and late spring frosts usually impose damages to wheat production in North-West of Iran. In order to investigate cold tolerance of wheat genotypes, two laboratory and field experiments were carried out at three planting dates of 12 Oct. and 1 and 21 Nov. 2007 in Saatlu Agricultural Research Station on 15 genotypes with winter, facultative and spring-growth types. Arrangement of t...

In order to assess tolerance to drought and resistant and susceptible genotypes, 86 genotypes of native and commercial wheats were evaluated in germination stage with a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Two levels of osmotic potential of zero (control) and -4 bar. PEG 6000 were used to create the tension of the material. Different morphological trai...