Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are a diverse group of single-stranded, nonenveloped, positive-polarity RNA viruses and are the leading cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in the United States. In this study, the major capsid gene of Norwalk virus, the prototype NLV, has been cloned and expressed in mammalian cells using a Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) replicon expression system. Upon in...

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Probabilistic Customers (VRP-PC) is a fundamental building block within the broad family of a priori routing models and has two decision stages. In the first stage, the dispatcher determines a set of vehicle routes serving all potential customer locations before the actual requests for service realize. In the second stage, vehicles are dispatched after observing...

This paper deals with a hub location-routing problem (HLRP) which integrates the hub location problem (HLP) and the multi-hub vehicle routing problem (MH-VRP) in parcel delivery service. The HLRP is very difficult to be solved since it is composed of two NP-hard problems, the HLP and the MH-VRP. To solve these problems simultaneously we present a novel solution framework which divides the probl...

In our previous research, we compared the actual route recorded by a GPS device “PhotoTrackr” and the optimal vehicle route derived by using ArcGIS Network Analyst tool. VRP is the fundamental problem in the research fields of transportation, we focus on variations of CVRPTW (Capacitated VRP with Time Windows). Various types of VRP are studied to determine the optimal route under various constr...

This paper proposes an abstraction of emerging vehicle routing problems, the Vehicle Routing Problem with Black Box Feasibility. In this problem the routes of a basic VRP need to satisfy an unknown set of constraints. A black box function to test the feasibility of a route is provided. This function is considered of non-linear complexity (in the length of the route). Practical examples of such ...

Using newer vaccine platforms which have been effective against malaria in rodent models, we tested five immunization regimens against Plasmodium knowlesi in rhesus monkeys. All vaccines included the same four P. knowlesi antigens: the pre-erythrocytic antigens CSP, SSP2, and erythrocytic antigens AMA1, MSP1. We used four vaccine platforms for prime or boost vaccinations: plasmids (DNA), alphav...

This paper deals with the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with environmental considerations, recently introduced in the literature by [Bektaş and Laporte (2011), Transport. Res. B-Meth. 45 (8), 1232-1250]. The objective is to minimize operational and environmental costs while respecting capacity constraints and service time windows. Costs are based on driver wag...

During winter, aerial surveys are used to estimate densities of ducks that occupy open-water habitats. However, such surveys are ineffective for sampling forest-dwelling species, especially Aix sponsa (Wood Ducks), Anas platyrhynchos (Mallards), and Lophodytes cucullatus (Hooded Mergansers). We evaluated fi xed-radius plot (FRP) and Reynolds and Goodrum variable-radius plot (VRP) methods for es...

TIMOTHY P. MORAN: Characterization of Dendritic Cells Transduced with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particles as Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines (Under the direction of Jonathan S. Serody and Robert E. Johnston) Cancer vaccines seek to harness the specificity of T and B lymphocytes for reduction of tumor burden, as well as prevention of recurrent disease by establishing immunologica...