The practice of enhancing athletic performance through the use of ergogenic aids or by extraneous artificial means is as old as competitive sport itself. Although the abuse of such substances has been historically problematic, very little research assessing the attitudes of strength/power athletes concerning ergogenic aids exists. As national anti-doping organizations (NADOs) adopt preventative...

To determine the feasibility of detecting cardiovascular disease in a large group of young competitive athletes, a prospective screening evaluation of intercollegiate student athletes was undertaken at the University of Maryland. Initial clinical screening (including personal and family history, physical examination and 12 lead electrocardiogram) was performed in 501 athletes. Ninety of these s...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a 1-km cycling time trial using a Wattbike cycling ergometer in competitive cyclists. Ten competitive male cyclists (mean ± SD; 63.9 ± 5.1 mL•kg -1 •min -1 ) performed a VO2max test and a familiarization of the 1-km time trial (TT) on the same day, and 3 separate 1-km TT (TT1, TT2 and TT3) separated by >24 hours. Mean performance time...

BACKGROUND Limited knowledge exists on injuries among professional alpine skiers. OBJECTIVE To describe the risk of injury and the injury pattern among competitive World Cup alpine skiers during the competitive season. METHODS Retrospective interviews were performed with all World Cup athletes from 10 nations at the end of the 2006-7 and 2007-8 winter seasons, and all acute injuries occurri...

BACKGROUND The prime focus of research on sports injury has been on physical factors. This is despite our understanding that when an athlete sustains an injury it has psychosocial as well as physical impacts. Psychosocial factors have been suggested as prognostic influences on the outcomes of rehabilitation. The aim of this work was to address the question: are psychosocial factors associated w...

Athletes who are properly fueled and hydrated before, during, and after exercise can improve training, increase performance, and decrease fatigue. Many commercial products are marketed to athletes and are designed to be consumed at specific periods: before, during, and after exercise. Are these products really necessary? This article reviews the research on nutrition support for the athlete sur...

purpose: the sport anxiety scale-2 (sas-2) is a tool by which we can measure the level of trait competitive anxiety. the original form included 15 questions and three subscales included: somatic, worry, and concentration distraction. the aim of this study was to examine of validity and reliability of persian version of sport anxiety scale-2 in children and teenager athletes. methodology: 358 qu...

Objectives: Grounded in the self-determination and achievement goal frameworks [Ames, C. (1992). Achievement goals, motivational climate, and motivational processes. In G. C. Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sports and exercise (pp. 161–176). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behaviour. ...