Introduction: Several authors have investigated the incidence of injuries occurred in the outdoor soccer game. However, there are only few works analyzing injuries occurred in the indoor soccer game (futsal). The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence, circumstances, and characteristics of injuries recorded in the indoor soccer during the 15th Brazilian Sub20 Futsal Championship. Me...

Competition, despite its potential drawbacks, is an easily adopted and frequently used motivator in classrooms. Individual abilities, in the years of schooling, are inevitably different, and performance in competition is heavily ability dependent, resulting that more-able students always win while less-able students always lose. Students easily perceive how well they perform through the result ...

the competitive state anxiety inventory (csai-2) is the most widely used instrument to measure competitive anxiety in the literature. the aim of this study was to examine the factorial validity and reliability of persian version of competitive state anxiety inventory-2 regarding intensity, direction, and frequency dimensions. the original form included 27 questions and 3 subscales including som...

The purpose of this study was to gain understanding of adolescents’ positive and negative developmental experiences in sport. Twenty-two purposefully sampled adolescent competitive swimmers participated in a semistructured qualitative interview. Content analysis led to the organization of meaning units into themes and categories (Patton, 2002). Athletes suggested their sport involvement facilit...

In two studies, the relationship between adolescent athletes’ skill development and perceived coach behavior as well as motivation climate was investigated. In Study 1, 119 (61 male, 58 female) competitive swimmers from various clubs with a mean age of 12.5 years responded twice with a one year interval to the Leadership Scale for Sports and the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionn...

Injuries are a common problem in professional football. A challenge that the medical team faces is to successfully predict the recovery time of an injured player. Current medical standards can only give vague predictions as to when a player will return to play. Obviously, making an accurate prediction as soon as possible would be helpful to the coach. This research tries to answer the question ...

The contradictory influence of parents on the motivation and athletic achievements young athletes requires justification new approaches in working with them. purpose work was to develop test a program improve psychological pedagogical competence football players’ evaluate its effectiveness terms training players. experiment involved players at age 10 11 years, 34 athletes. All participants were...

This study investigated the nature of the relationship between precompetitive state anxiety (CSAI-2C), subjective (race position) and objective (satisfaction) performance outcomes, and self-rated causal attributions (CDS-IIC) for performance in competitive child swimmers. Race position, subjective satisfaction, self-confidence, and, to a lesser extent, cognitive state anxiety (but not somatic s...

Objectives. To investigate equivocal findings within the literature addressing the relationship between competitive anxiety responses and psychological skills. Intensity (i.e. level) and direction (i.e. interpretation of intensity as facilitative or debilitative) dimensions of competitive state anxiety and self-confidence were examined in performers with different levels of psychological skills...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 421 I. STUDENT SPEECH ............................................................................... 423 A. Tinker and its descendants .................................................... 423 B. The complexities of speech on college campuses ................. 426 C. Public vs. private institution...