“Jumbo phages” are an emergent and ubiquitous class of large (>200 kb) dsDNA bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—that construct a selectively-permeable, proteinaceous compartment around their replicating genome during infection. This micron-scale compartment, termed the “phage nucleus”, forms de novo grows with viral DNA. The phage nucleus allows export mRNA import select DNA replicatio...

Intractable pain out of proportion to the injury sustained is considered to be the earliest and most reliable indicator of a developing compartment syndrome. We report 4 cases where competent sensate patients developed compartment syndromes without any significant pain. The first patient developed a painless compartment syndrome in the well leg following surgery for femoral fracture on the othe...

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is a relatively common, but often overlooked cause of leg pain in athletes. A careful history and physical examination is essential in the diagnosis of CECS. Affected individuals have recurrent, activity-related leg pain that recurs at a consistent duration or intensity and is only relieved by rest. Measurement of baseline and postexercise compartment pre...

Drug design is built on the concept that key molecular targets of disease are isolated in the diseased tissue. Systemic drug administration would be sufficient for targeting in such a case. It is, however, common for enzymes or receptors that are integral to disease to be structurally similar or identical to those that play important biological roles in normal tissues of the body. Additionally,...

1.3 Compartments 7 1.3.1 Posterior Compartment 7 1.3.1.1 Connective Tissue Structures 7 1.3.1.2 Muscles 10 1.3.1.3 Reinterpreted Anatomy and Clinical Relevance 12 1.3.1.4 Important Vessels, Nerves and Lymphatics of the Posterior Compartment: 13 1.3.2 Anterior Compartment 14 1.3.2.1 Connective Tissue Structures 14 1.3.2.2 Muscles 15 1.3.2.3 Reinterpreted Anatomy and Clinical Relevance 16 1.3.2.4...

The central compartment of an n-compartment mammillary model was concatenated with a gradient compartment (i.e., venous sampling compartment) and with a conventional effect compartment to model arterial-venous drug concentration gradients and the arterial drug concentration vs effect relationship, respectively. To model drug metabolism during transit between the peripheral arterial and peripher...

Mitochondria are vital organelles that perform a variety of fundamental functions ranging from the synthesis of ATP through to being intimately involved in programmed cell death. Comprised of at least six compartments: outer membrane, inner boundary membrane, intermembrane space, cristal membranes, intracristal space, and matrix, mitochondria have a complex, dynamic internal structure. This int...

A systematic review of the literature on gluteal compartment syndrome was performed using Medline Ovid and PubMed search engines. Publications were included if they described the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and functional outcome of this syndrome. Seven articles with a total of 28 cases met the eligibility criteria, all of which were retrospective case studies. The most common cause of glutea...

Acute abdominal compartment syndrome can be an elusive clinical diagnosis for which critical care physicians must exercise a high index of suspicion in the differential diagnosis of hemodynamic compromise and hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of these Rounds is to describe a case of abdominal compartment syndrome and to summarize the pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, etiology, and treatment...