Abstract The article analyses the ways Ḥamīd al-Dīn Balḫī (d. 559/1164) adopted and adapted technique of earlier Arabic authors, most notably al-Ḥarīrī 516/1122), in his Persian maqāmas . It also emends traditional dating maqāma collection.

It has long been natural for linguists to invoke metaphors taken from the life sciences, in particular evolutionary biology. In recent decades it has been argued that such analogies represent not mere rhetoric or metalinguistic convenience, but actual processes in language development; after all, why should not a biologically-conditioned cultural phenomenon such as language, the collective prod...

comparative literature is defined as an empiric disciplinewithin literary studies that focuses on the comparison between a literature andother literature(s) or other forms of human expression. nowadays, due to theclash between the two trends existing in the discipline -the historical and thetheoretical, comparative literature is immersed in a process of theoretical andpractical renewal that foc...

By Assistant-Surgeon Chetan Shah, Officiating Civil Surgeon, Gurgaon. The word Tapi Mulirika is of very frequent occurrence in the mortuary registers of the Panjab and North-Western Provinces as well as in the conversation of the natives with European physicians. Hence it is necessary to understand what it means both properly and popularly. A gentleman of very high linguistic abilities appears ...

In any natural language processing project, the input text needs to undergo tokenization before morphological analysis or parsing. For Arabic script languages the tokenization process faces more problems and it plays a more crucial role in natural language processing (NLP) systems for Arabic script languages. In this work we elaborate on some of these problems and present solutions for these. T...

In this paper, we discuss transcription systems needed for automated spoken language processing applications in languages such as Persian that use the Arabic script for writing. The work is described in the context of a speech-to-speech translation system development for English and Persian. This system can easily be modified for Arabic, Dari, Urdu and any other language that uses the Arabic sc...

This paper offers a transcription system for Persian, the target language in the Transonics project, a speech-to-speech translation system developed as a part of the DARPA Babylon program (The DARPA Babylon Program; Narayanan, 2003). In this paper, we discuss transcription systems needed for automated spoken language processing applications in Persian that uses the Arabic script for writing. Th...

Automatic Character Recognition has wide variety of applications such as automatic postal mail sorting, number plate recognition and automatic form of reader and entering text from PDA's etc. Cursive script’s Automatic Character Recognition is a complex process facing unique issues unlike other scripts. Many solutions have been proposed in the literature to solve complexities of cursive scripts...

This paper offers a transcription system for Persian, the target language in the Transonics project, a speech-to-speech translation system developed as a part of the DARPA Babylon program (The DARPA Babylon Program; Narayanan, 2003). In this paper, we discuss transcription systems needed for automated spoken language processing applications in Persian that uses the Arabic script for writing. Th...