If a vertex operator algebra V = ⊕n=0Vn satisfies dimV0 = 1, V1 = 0, then V2 has a commutative (nonassociative) algebra structure called Griess algebra. One of the typical examples of commutative (nonassociative) algebras is a Jordan algebra. For example, the set Symd(C) of symmetric matrices of degree d becomes a Jordan algebra. On the other hand, in the theory of vertex operator algebras, cen...

We describe a finite analogue of the Poisson Algebra of Wilson Loops in Yang–Mills theory. It is shown that this algebra arises in an apparently completely different context: as a Lie algebra of vector fields on a non–commutative space. This suggests that non–commutative geometry plays a fundamental role in the manifestly gauge invariant formulation of Yang–Mills theory. We also construct the d...

The aim of this article is to describe several applications of the theory of cycles to problems in Commutative Algebra. The main topic is the use of the theory of local Chern characters defined in the Chow group of a ring to answer some questions on modules of finite homological dimension and to clarify others. In the first section, we describe the origins of these problems in Intersection Theo...

1 A compilation of two sets of notes at the University of Kansas; one in the Spring of 2002 by ?? and the other in the Spring of 2007 by Branden Stone. These notes have been typed

The non-commutative algebraic analog of the moduli of vector and covector fields is built. The structure of moduli of derivations of non-commutative algebras are studied. The canonical coupling is introduced and the conditions for appropriate moduli to be reflexive are obtained. FOREWORD The duality problem we are going to tackle stems from the non-commutative generalization of differential geo...

We recall that a ring R is called near pseudo-valuation ring if every minimal prime ideal is a strongly prime ideal. Let R be a commutative ring, σ an automorphism of R and δ a σderivation of R. We recall that a prime ideal P of R is δ-divided if it is comparable (under inclusion) to every σ-invariant and δ-invariant ideal I (i.e. σ(I) ⊆ I and δ(I) ⊆ I) of R. A ring R is called a δ-divided ring...

We prove that a Jordan homomorphism from a Banach algebra into a semisimple commutative Banach algebra is a ring homomorphism. Using a signum effectively, we can give a simple proof of the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of a Jordan homomorphism between Banach algebras. As a direct corollary, we show that to each approximate Jordan homomorphism f from a Banach algebra into a semisimple commutative...

for making many comments and corrections concerning these notes. All rings are commutative and contain multiplicative identity, moreover we will always insist that ring homomorphisms respect the multiplicative identity element. Local rings are assumed to be Noetherian. Additionally, all modules are unitary modules. We have made an attempt to be consistent with our notation: (1) Rings are often ...

These notes closely follow Matsumura’s book [Mat80] on commutative algebra. Proofs are the ones given there, sometimes with slightly more detail. Our focus is on the results needed in algebraic geometry, so some topics in the book do not occur here or are not treated in their full depth. In particular material the reader can find in the more elementary [AM69] is often omitted. References on dim...

We compactify the spaces K(m,n) introduced by Maxim Kontsevich. The initial idea was to construct an L∞ algebra governing the deformations of a (co)associative bialgebra. However, this compactification leads not to a resolution of the PROP of (co)associative bialgebras, but to a new algebraic structure we call here a CROC. It turns out that these constructions are related to the non-commutative...