This study investigated the effectiveness of massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG)-based (massive multiplayer online role-playing game) instruction in elementary English education. The effectiveness of the MMORPG program was compared with face-toface instruction and the independent variables (gender, prior knowledge, motivation for learning, self-directed learning skills, comput...

User-generated contents (UGC) such as online reviews are inherently incomplete since we do not capture the opinions of users who do not write a review. These silent users may have systematically different online experiences than those who speak up. These differences can be driven by users‟ differing sentiments towards their online experiences as well as their disposition to generate UGC. Indisc...

This study explores the process of interpreting interviews and media collected during two visits to India. Looking at the communicative nature of Indian identity, the author takes into account his own identity as an American exposed to a lifetime of exotic representations of Indian culture. Recognizing the limits of time for study in the field, recorded media provide valuable evidence and open ...

This article develops an approach to contemporary governance as a communicative practice fundamentally organized by ‘‘graphic artifacts’’—materials such as files, maps, letters, reports, and office manuals. The empirical focus is the role of graphic artifacts in bureaucratic institutions in Islamabad, Pakistan. Departing from functionalist accounts of bureaucracy and from approaches to governme...

There has been a growing interest in genre as a powerful means of analysing and understanding texts in cross-disciplinary areas. Genres tend to be conceived as generic structures that constrain individuals and communicative events. In second language writing pedagogy, much attention has been given to raising ESL (English as a Second Language) students’ structural awareness of genres as the rout...

Abstract Multiple factors simultaneously interact during the writing process. The effect of these interacting must be considered if is studied as a dynamic and complex process that constantly changes. Based on premise, study aims to determine how interaction between reading medium communicative purpose task affects pauses different stages At same time, it seeks this related writer's competence....

In developing a test of pragmatic skills for children ages 4 to 9 years, we focused on a number of functional language skills that are important for children's success in early schooling and for the development of fluent reading and writing. They included (1) wh-question asking, (2) communicative role taking, (3) linking events in a cohesive narrative, and (4) articulating the mental states of ...

As with the growing degree of office automation and diffuse use of electronic media, such as e-mails, written business communication is becoming a key element to promote synergies, relationships and disseminating information about products and services. Task recognition and the definition of strategies and suitable vocabularies are some of the activities that office workers deal with each time ...