the curriculum development for arabic language skills needs to needs analysis (na) and situation analysis (sa). na examines the linguistic needs and sa examines non-linguistic factors such as societal factors, project factor, institutional factors, teacher factors, learner factors. this work examines the teachers and learners' perceptions as part of the teacher factors and learner factors,...

introduction & objective: one of the basic elements declared in positive psychology is the concept of happiness. researches have shown that without concerning how achieved, happiness can enhance our health. people who are happy feel more secure, decide easier, and are more satisfied of the people who live with. the aim of the present study was to measure the efficiency of teaching communicative...

nowadays, new informational and communicative media, and the rate of their use by individuals have caused deep metamorphoses in the material and non-material dimensions of human lives, and individuals’ mental regulation. the use of these media, especially the internet and virtual social networks, among iranian teenagers has unnoticeably increased, and providing numerous facilities and options m...

People can communicate by using hand actions, e.g., signs. Understanding communicative actions requires that the observer knows that the actor has an intention to communicate and the meanings of the actions. Here, we investigated how this prior knowledge affects processing of observed actions. We used functional MRI to determine changes in action processing when non-signers were told that the o...

Communication is a social activity of a combined effort of at least two participants, who consciously and intentionally cooperate to construct together the meaning of their interaction. Discerning the meaning of a communication act requires more than just comprehending the meaning of words and having a mastery of grammar: Communication cannot be reduced to a mere encoding/decoding process and r...

There have been many rich, naturalistic studies documenting prelinguistic communicative abilities that suggest that the ntegration of alternating eye gaze, vocal behaviors, and nonverbal gestures are indicative of intentional communication (e.g., ates, Camaioni, & Volterra, 1975; Bates, Benigni, Bretherton, Camaioni, & Volterra, 1979; Dore, 1974; Ninio & Bruner, 1978; revarthen & Hubley, 1978)....

This paper shows that emotional information conveyed by facial expression is often contained not only in the expression of emotions per se, but also in other communicative signals, namely the performatives of communicative acts. An analysis is provided of the performatives of suggesting, warning, ordering, imploring, approving and praising, both on the side of their cognitive structure and on t...

Communicative feedback refers to unobtrusive (usually short) vocal or bodily expressions whereby a recipient of information can inform a contributor of information about whether he/she is able and willing to communicate, perceive the information, and understand the information. This paper provides a theory for embodied communicative feedback, describing the different dimensions and features inv...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS This is the first study aiming to compare pre-diagnostic socio-communicative development of a female with typical Rett syndrome (RTT), a female with the preserved speech variant of RTT (PSV) and a control toddler. METHODS We analysed 1275 min of family videos at the participants' age between 9 and 24 months and used the Inventory of Potential Communicative Acts (IPCA) to d...

Communicative action concerns achieving and maintaining mutual understanding among all those who are involved in a coordinated (organizational) situation. Communicative action is embedded in a social context. Current approaches in the Language/Action Perspective have focused mainly on the dynamic aspect of language, that is, on (business) conversation. In this paper, we develop a new model of c...