Recent changes in the NHS have left many defects in the systems for the control of communicable diseases and infection and their surveillance and the management of outbreaks. Clear, explicit legislation is needed, placing the responsibilities on health authorities. New teams led by consultants need to be set up to investigate and manage outbreaks of communicable diseases of all types.

BACKGROUND Non-communicable diseases are the main reasons for admission to the medical wards in high-income countries. While in low and middle income countries communicable diseases are the main reasons for admission to the medical wards. However, in some low and middle income countries the reasons for admission are changing from communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases. But, data on ...

While low and middle-income countries have been struggling with communicable diseases for many years, they are now stuck with noncommunicable diseases and road traffic accidents putting them in triple burden. In recent years, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and cancers have become an emerging pandemic ...

Contact with farming environment as a major risk factor for Shiga toxin (Vero cytotoxin) – producing Escherichia coli O157 infec tion in humans. The Communicable Diseases Network Australia (CDNA) consists of communicable disease authorities from various Australian Government agencies and state and territory health authorities, in addition to expert bodies and individuals in the specifi c areas ...

BACKGROUND Communicable disease surveillance is to have baseline data which will be helpful for planning and also for identifying epidemics under non-evident conditions. OBJECTIVE To delineate the pattern of occurrence of communicable diseases so as to enable early identification, followed by appropriate and timely response to outbreaks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reports of listed communicable ...

Non-communicable disease continues to be an important public health problem in India, being responsible for a major proportion of mortality and morbidity. Demographic changes, changes in the lifestyle along with increased rates of urbanization are the major reasons responsible for the tilt towards the non-communicable diseases. In India, there is no regular system for collecting data on non-com...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality, responsible for 38 million deaths in 2012, 75 % occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Most of these countries are facing a period of epidemiological transition, being confronted with an increased burden of non-communicable diseases, which challenge health systems mainly d...

OBJECTIVE This study sought to measure burden of disease and identifies health priorities from the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) indicator. METHODS This is the first study on burden of disease for a department in Colombia by using a standardized methodology. By using the. DALYs indicator, burden of disease was identified in the department of Nariño according to the guidelines establi...

OBJECTIVE Iran as a developing country is in the transition phase, which might have a big impact on the Burden of Disease and Injury (BOD). This study aims to estimate Burden of Disease and Injury (BOD) in Iran up to 2025 due to four broad cause groups using Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY). METHODS The impacts of demographic and epidemiological changes on BOD (DemBOD and EpiBOD) were ass...

BACKGROUND We herein evaluate the Spanish population's trends in health burden by comparing results of two Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Studies (the GBD studies) performed 20 years apart. METHODS Data is part of the GBD study for 1990 and 2010. We present results for mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years ...