Objective: The lack of distinction in the clinical use of terms like fatigue and sleepiness is an important issue. While both fatigue and sleepiness can potentially be associated with nonrestorative sleep (NRS) complaints, their relationships are still poorly described. We propose to use Rasch analysisbased methods to study the interrelations of fatigue, sleepiness and NRS. Methods: 150 subject...

BACKGROUND In the field of drug and alcohol abuse, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been used as an important clinical and research outcome. The aim of this study was to establish score linkages (concordance) among three HRQoL assessment tools: WHOQOL-BREF, DUQOL and HRQOLDA scores, applying a Rasch-based common person equating procedure. METHODS One hundred and twenty one adults we...

Four methods were studied for setting a standard on a written examination containing several clinical discipline subtests. The NBME method yielded the most consistent estimate. The Angoff and Ebel methods yielded slightly less consistent estimates. All estimates were more consistent when computed as the average of discipline standards rather than the judges' personal standards. All but the Esse...

This study investigates the effects of Single-Sex and Co-educational classrooms on English learning outcomes. is a causal-comparative in ex post facto design. Three classes consisting 73 students (boy girl-single-sex co-educational class) from private secondary school Central Java, Indonesia, are sample. An integrated test, equating material 2013 curriculum CEFR for English, was used. It tested...

In specifications of tastes and technology, econometricians often impose curvature globally, but monotonicity only locally or not at all. In fact monotonicity rarely is even mentioned in that literature. But without satisfaction of both curvature and monotonicity, the second order conditions for optimizing behavior fail, and duality theory fails. The resulting first order conditions, demand fun...