PURPOSE Ulcerative colitis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a serious health issue, but etiopathological factors remain unclear. Aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) is specifically expressed in the colonic epithelium, but downregulated in colorectal cancer. This study was aimed to investigate the etiopathogenic role of AKR1B10 in ulcerative colitis and CAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN...

Grafts of mouse fetal colon, implanted beneath the renal capsule of adult hosts, have been used to study the growth and development of colonic isografts and the rejection of colonic allografts. Isografts grew normally and maintained a structure similar to normal colon. Grafts between strains with H2 histocompatibility differences were rejected by 13 days after transplantation. Early progressive...

Epithelial secretion may play an important role in reducing bacterial colonization and translocation in intestine. If so, secretory dysfunction could result in increased susceptibility to infection and inflammation. We investigated whether long-term colonic secretory dysfunction occurs after a bout of colitis and if this is accompanied by an increase in bacterial colonization and translocation....

the aim of this study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of sodium alginate in a rat model of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (tnbs)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. this experiment was carried out using 77 sprague-dawley rats which were divided into six groups; normal, control, prophylactic, therapeutic and two experimental groups. rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 3 and 6 weeks after colitis indu...

The intracellular target of butyrate's actions: HDAC or HDON'T? Butyrate, the four-carbon short chain fatty acid, has special significance for clinicians and scientists interested in large bowel physiology. It is normally present in the colonic lumen at millimolar concentrations as a product of bacterial fermentation of luminal carbohydrates and is readily taken up by the colonic epithelium to ...

Anion transport by the colonic mucosa maintains the hydration and pH of the colonic lumen, and its disruption causes a variety of diarrheal diseases. Cholinergic agonists raise cytosolic Ca2+ levels and stimulate anion secretion, but the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Cholinergic stimulation of anion secretion may occur via activation of Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) or...

To investigate the expression of adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR) in human colonic epithelial cells and the effects of A3AR activation on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α-) induced inflammation in order to determine its mechanism of action in human colonic epithelial cells, human colonic epithelial cells (HT-29 cells) were treated with different concentrations of 2-Cl-IB-MECA prior to TNF-α stimu...

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays a role in inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. This study investigated the role of HMGB1 in colonic inflammation. Colitis was induced by orally feeding mice 4.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for up to 7 days. Mice were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 7 and 10, and the colon harvested for the measurement of HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. To block HMG...

The human colon synthetises several prostanoids which may have a role in inflammatory bowel diseases. As lipoxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism have been implicated in inflammatory processes, we have now investigated the formation of both lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase metabolites from [14C]-arachidonic acid [(14C]-AA) by human colonic tissue. Homogenates of human colonic mucosa wer...

Background: Routine screening colonoscopy is on the rise and pathologists have to deal with the ever larger numbers of excised colonic polyps. It is very important to optimize the patients’ individual treatment and further surveillance. Pathologists play a critical role in management, as most of the clinical decisions concerning colonic polyp managemen...