Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours are classified as functioning or non-functioning according to the presence or absence of a clinically evident hypersecretion syndrome. In foregut tumours the presence of autonomous hormone secretion and the respective hypersecretion syndrome indicate functionality. Abdominal ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) an...

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of wet ice (WI), dry ice (DI), and cryogenic packs (CGPs) to reduce and maintain the reduction of skin temperature directly under the cooling agent and to determine whether the cooling effect on skin extended beyond the surface area in contact with the cooling agent. Ten female volunteers participated in the study, and each of ...

Patients whose only sign of recurrence after local therapy for prostate cancer is a rising prostate-specific antigen level (PSA-only recurrence) have become more common. We have developed two models to predict PSA-only recurrence after radical prostatectomy, one using traditional factors (race, sigmoidal transformation of PSA, postoperative Gleason sum, and organ confinement) and a second using...

BACKGROUND Cryotherapy has been accepted as the mainstay in treating periunugal and palmoplantar warts. The major drawback of cryotherapy is the requirement of several unbearably painful treatment sessions. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy in viral wart treatment, as an adjunctive method to cryotherapy. METHODS Retrospective chart review was performed on 124...

Established ablative therapies for the treatment of primary and secondary liver tumours, including percutaneous ethanol injection, cryotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation, are discussed. Newer techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging guided laser interstitial thermal therapy of liver tumours has produced a median survival rate of 40.8 months after treatment. The merits of this newly emerg...

BACKGROUND Recovery strategies are often used with the intention of preventing or minimising muscle soreness after exercise. Whole-body cryotherapy, which involves a single or repeated exposure(s) to extremely cold dry air (below -100 °C) in a specialised chamber or cabin for two to four minutes per exposure, is currently being advocated as an effective intervention to reduce muscle soreness af...

OBJECTIVE To assess residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2/3 disease and clearance of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (HPV) infections at 6 months after cryotherapy among HIV-positive women. DESIGN Follow-up study. METHODS 79 HIV-positive women received cryotherapy for CIN2/3 in Nairobi, Kenya, and underwent conventional cytology 6 months later. Biopsies were performed on h...