In this study, we explored how the concept of the process partition may be applied to phylogenetic analysis. Sequence data were gathered from 23 species and subspecies of the swallowtail butterfly genus Papilio, as well as from two outgroup species from the genera Eurytides and Pachliopta. Sequence data consisted of 1,010 bp of the nuclear protein-coding gene elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alp...

Termites and ants contribute more to animal biomass in tropical rain forests than any other single group and perform vital ecosystem functions. Although ants prey on termites, at the community level the linkage between these groups is poorly understood. Thus, assessing the distribution and specificity of ant termitophagy is of considerable interest. We describe an approach for quantifying ant-t...

This short note describes the synthesis of a novel compound, 6,6′-di-(8″-quinoline)-2,2′-bypyridine (2), that bears bipyridyl backbone and quinoline donors. Compound 2 coordinates with cobalt(II) ion in tetradentate manner affords complex [CoII(2)(TfO)2], whose molecular structure has been identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction crystallographic analysis. The coordination features were c...

Mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 167 American Indians including 87 Amerind-speakers (Amerinds) and 80 Nadene-speakers (Nadene) were surveyed for sequence variation by detailed restriction analysis. All Native American mtDNAs clustered into one of four distinct lineages, defined by the restriction site variants: HincII site loss at np 13,259, AluI site loss at np 5,176, 9-base pair (9-bp) COII-t...

The ability of tetraazalene radical bridging ligands to mediate exceptionally strong magnetic exchange coupling across a range of transition metal complexes is demonstrated. The redox-active bridging ligand N,N',N'',N'''-tetra(2-methylphenyl)-2,5-diamino-1,4-diiminobenzoquinone (NMePhLH2) was metalated to give the series of dinuclear complexes [(TPyA)2M2(NMePhL2-)]2+ (TPyA = tris(2-pyridylmethy...

Research on two-dimensional (2D) materials is one of the most active fields in science and nanotechnology. Among members 2D family, layered hydroxides (LHs) represent an exceptional case study due to their unparalleled chemical versatility which allows modulation physicochemical properties at will. Nowadays, LHs based earth-abundant metals are key areas energy storage conversion, hybrid or magn...

Despite a considerable literature describing the biology of flies in the tephritid genus Rhagoletis, the phylogenetic relationships of the more than 60 species classified within the genus are not well resolved. Knowledge of these relationships is important, not only in terms of obtaining information that will be useful for the control of Rhagoletis where it is an agricultural pest, but also in ...