Streszczenie. This paper presents a formal syntax framework of natural languages for computational linguistics. The abstract syntax of natural languages, particularly English, and their formal manipulations are described. On the basis of the abstract syntax, a universal language processing model and the deductive grammar of English are developed toward the formalization of Chomsky’s universal g...

An extension to classical unification, called graded unification is presented. It is capable of combining contradictory information. An interactive processing paradigm and parser based on this new operator are also presented. Introduction Improved understanding of the nature of knowledge used in human language processing suggests the feasibility of interactive models in computational linguistic...

The paper presents a review of Kövecses’s book Metaphor in Culture: Universality and Variation (2005) advancing a more general critique to the cognitive linguistic view of metaphor. Kövecses addresses a pending problem for the cognitive linguistic approach, namely the observed variation both cross-culturally and within cultures in the use of metaphors. If, as predicted by cognitive linguistics,...