in order to study and compare the phosphate transporter gene codon usage and it's respond to the traits like salt tolerance, day length, pollination and temperature in different plants, 100 isoform from 10 plants are extracted from ncbi website and then analyzed with gene infinity and minitab 16 software. the result shows that the highest codon usage similarity (81.95%) was for wheat and oryza ...

DNA site-specific recombinases (SSRs) such as Cre, FLPe, and phiC31, are powerful tools for analyzing gene function in vertebrates. While the availability of multiple high-efficiency SSRs would facilitate a wide array of genomic engineering possibilities, efficient recombination in mammalian cells has only been observed with Cre recombinase. Here we report the de novo synthesis of mouse codon-o...

By using a directed evolution approach, we have identified aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase variants with significantly enhanced activity for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in response to the amber nonsense codon in bacteria. We demonstrated that the optimization of anticodon recognition of tRNA by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase led to improved incorporation efficiency that is unn...

In this issue of Blood, Nair et al report on a computationally derived hepatocyte-specific cis-regulatory module (HS-CRM8) to accomplish high tissue-specific expression in gene therapy for hemophilia. When HS-CRM8 is introduced upstream of a minimal liver-specific promoter in an adenoassociated virus (AAV) that expresses a codon-optimized hyperactive human factor IX (FIX) mutant (FIX Padua), it...

As synthetic biology advances, labeling of genes or organisms, like other high-value products, will become important not only to pinpoint their identity, origin, or spread, but also for intellectual property, classification, bio-security or legal reasons. Ideally information should be inseparably interlaced into expressed genes. We describe a method for embedding messages within open reading fr...

background recent studies suggest that rare codon clusters are functionally important for protein activity. methods here, for the first time we analyzed and reported rare codon clusters in hepatitis c virus (hcv) genome and then identified the location of these rare codon clusters in the structure of hcv protein. this analysis was performed using the sherlocc program that detects statistically ...

Phosphinothricin (PPT) is the active component of a family of environmentally safe, nonselective herbicides. Resistance to PPT in transgenic crops has been reported by nuclear expression of a bar transgene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, a detoxifying enzyme. We report here expression of a bacterial bar gene (b-bar1) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Petit Havana) plastids that conf...

BACKGROUND Neurotrophic factors influence survival, differentiation, proliferation and death of neuronal cells within the central nervous system. Human ciliary neurotrophic factor (hCNTF) has neuroprotective properties and is also known to influence energy balance. Consequently, hCNTF has potential therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative, obesity and diabetes related disorders. Clinical a...

Biosensors based on the principle of Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been developed to visualize spatio-temporal dynamics of signalling molecules in living cells. Many of them adopt a backbone of intramolecular FRET biosensor with a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) as donor and acceptor, respectively. However, there remains the ...

background: influenza virus is the major cause of lower respiratory tract illnesses on the worldwide. vaccination can be an effective tool to prevent its outbreak. highly conserved viral nucleoprotein is an effective vaccine candidate to provide heterosubtypic immunity, offering resistance against various influenza virus strains. m aterials and methods: in present research np gene was inserted ...