Although metallic multilayers have recently attracted much attention, especially since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance in Fe /Cr multilayers [1], only a small number of true superlattice effects have been experimentally observed. These are the appearance of superlattice Bragg peaks in X-ray diffraction [2], the collective behavior of magnons in magnetic/non-magnetic superlattices [3], ...

Nanometer period metallic multilayers are ideal structures to investigate electronic phenomena at interfaces between metal films since interfacial atoms comprise a large atomic fraction of the samples. The multilayers studied were fabricated by magnetron sputtering and consist of bilayers from 1.9 nm to 3.3 nm. X-ray diffraction, cross-section TEM and plan-view TEM show the Cu layers to have a ...

We developed a non-lithographic technique to contact sub-100nm nanowires for spin transfer torque experiments. Co/Cu multilayers were grown by electrodeposition in nanoporous commercial polycarbonate membranes from a Co/Cu bath. A home-made sample holder allows bottom and top electrical contacts to be made to individual nanowires in the CPP geometry. Experimental evidence of the spin transfer t...

Novel capping layer structures have been deposited on periodic Mo/Si multilayers to optimize reflectance at 30.4 nm. Design, deposition and characterization of such coatings are presented. Most of the structures proposed show improved performance with respect to standard Mo/Si multilayers and are stable over time. Reflectance at 121.6 nm and in the visible spectral range have been also tested t...

We have investigated magnetization reversal in nanostructured Co/Pd multilayers. Interestingly enough, reversal phenomena in this system were found to be very sensitive to the Co-sublayer thickness and very contrasting reversal behaviors were observed between the samples having 2-Å-thick Co and 4-Å-thick Co sublayers. Direct domain observation and time-dependent magnetization viscosity curves r...

Characteristics and quantum efficiencies of photocurrents at monolayer, mixed monolayers, and multilayers of chlorophyll a deposited on semiconducting SnOz electrodes and/or metal electrodes were surveyed. The quantum efficiency of photocurrent depends on the surface concentration of chlorophyll a as well as the thickness of layers. The photocurrent behavior of chlorophyll a multilayers is comp...

Transport and magnetic properties near a field-induced orientation phase transition sOPTd from the easy to the hard axis in the magnetization of antiferromagnetically coupled epitaxial fFe/Crs100dg10 multilayers have been studied. It was found that in the vicinity of the OPT both the amplitude of the magnetic susceptibility anomaly and the relaxation rate of the magnetoresistance change dramati...

We performed in situ indentation in a transmission electron microscope on Al-TiN multilayers with individual layer thicknesses of 50 nm, 5 nm and 2.7 nm to explore the effect of length scales on the plastic co-deformability of a metal and a ceramic. At 50 nm, plasticity was confined to the Al layers with easy initiation of cracks in the TiN layers. At 5 nm and below, cracking in TiN was suppres...

The cytotoxicity and metabolic effects of two thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, Tomudex (Raltitrexed, ZD1694) and GW1843U89, were studied in WiDr colon cancer cells under four different growth conditions: as standard monolayers and as postconfluent multilayers grown under either high (WiDr, 8.8 mM folic acid) or low (WiDr/F, 1 nM leucovorin) folate conditions. Both GW1843U89 and ZD1694 were...