BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for periodontal disease. It also causes pigmentation of oral mucosa. The present study was aimed to assess the effects of smoking on lip and gingival pigmentation and periodontal status and the relationship between pigmentation and periodontal parameters. METHODS A total of 109 smokers and an equal number of non-smoker controls (mean a...

To elucidate the structural characteristics, phylogeny and biological function of anthocyanin synthase (ANS) its role in synthesis, members strawberry ANS gene family were obtained by whole genome retrieval, their bioinformatic analysis expression at different developmental stages fruit performed. The results showed that consisted 141 distributed on 7 chromosomes could be divided into 4 subfami...