This study applies some of the most practical longshore sand transport formulations and evaluates their adequacy to estimate the total (suspended and bed load) longshore sediment transport rate (LSTR) at Buarcos Beach, in the West coast of Portugal. The straightforward methodology here present is simple to apply and therefore useful to quickly obtain a first estimate of the littoral transport i...

Integration of mangroves in projects to reduce coastal flood risk is increasingly being recognised as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative. In addition the construction conventional hard protection infrastructure, not only contribute attenuating events ( functionality ), they also recover in, adapt to, changing climate persistence ). The implementation reduction, however, remains comple...