We investigated the effects of the second generation antipsychotics olanzapine, sertindole and clozapine on visual recognition memory using the novel object recognition (NOR) test in naive and MK-801-treated animals. The effects of drug treatment on locomotion and anxiety were also determined using the open field test. Male Balb-c mice were treated with olanzapine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg; i.p.)...

The effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission were examined and compared in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex in rat brain slices by using the techniques of intracellular recording and single-electrode voltage-clamp. The bath administration of either haloperidol or clozapine produced...

A case of Paranoid Schizophrania who developed Type 2 diabetes mellitus while on treatment with clozapine, is described. A brief review of literature is provided. In this case, Clozapine therapy could have caused the diabetes, or accelerated a pre-existing process.This report aims to highlight the importance of monitoring for hyperglycemia, an adverse effect of clozapine, which is being increas...

We report on a patient on clozapine treatment who was admitted to our hospital with pneumonia. He had stopped smoking a few weeks before admission. The serum clozapine rose to a toxic level, most likely due to the combination of infection and smoking cessation. Physicians and pharmacists are often not aware of risk factors for decreased metabolism of clozapine.

C lozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that is effective in treatment resistant schizophrenia. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for schizophrenia specify that ‘‘in individuals with evidence of treatment resistant schizophrenia, clozapine should be introduced at the earliest opportunity’’. A severe adverse effect of clozapine that limits its more wides...

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug with minimal extrapyramidal toxicity, used in the management of patients who are unresponsive or intolerant to at least two different antipsychotics (McEvoy et al. 2006). Ileus is a rare but life-threatening side-effect of clozapine treatment (Palmer et al. 2008). The largest study investigating risk factors of ileus in psychotic patients showed that ...

The atypical antipsychotic agent clozapine, although an effective treatment for schizophrenia, is linked with metabolic adverse effects. We report a case of diabetic ketoacidosis and very severe hypertriglyceridaemia associated with clozapine use, in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who was successfully treated with continuous insulin infusion and fluids. As clozapine proved to be the m...

Sir: Olanzapine is a thienobenzodiazepine antipsychotic that has a broad in vitro affinity for several receptors, including serotonergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and adrenergic receptors. Olanzapine is approved for treatment of psychoses at doses up to 20 mg/day. New research suggests benefits of higher doses of olanzapine. Anecdotal case reports highlight the benefits of olanzapine at 50 mg...

Tachycardia is a known adverse effect during clozapine treatment. However, prevalence reported differs widely between studies and hitherto there are no studies comparing clozapine-treated patients with a similar control group. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of tachycardia in patients treated with clozapine and antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAI). Data on heart...

AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the augmentation of clozapine with aripiprazole in patients with treatment-resistant schizoaffective and psychotic bipolar disorders in a retrospective manner. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between the two drugs were also investigated. PATIENTS Three men and 4 women (median age 36 and 40 years, respectively) who had mean scores at ...