We observed the nearby starburst galaxy M82 in CO in the higher frequency (2–1) transition to achieve an angular resolution below 1 arc second or 17 pc at the target. We resolved the molecular gas into a large number of compact clouds, with masses ranging from ∼ 2 × 10 to 2 × 10 M⊙. The mass spectrum scales as N(M) ∝ M, similar to the mass spectra of young massive star clusters suggesting that ...

Ice clouds play a major role in the radiative energy budget of the earth-atmosphere system (Liou 1986). Their radiative effect is governed primarily by the equilibrium between their albedo and greenhouse effects. Both macrophysical and microphysical properties of ice clouds regulate this equilibrium. To quantify the effect of these clouds on climate and weather systems, they must be properly ch...

Because of both the various effects clouds exert on the earth-atmospheric system and the cloud feedback, correct representations of clouds in numerical models are critical for accurate climate modeling and weather forecast. Unfortunately, determination of clouds and their radiative feedback processes is still the weakest component of current general circulation models (e.g., Senior and Mitchell...

Duality arguments suggest the existence of massless magnetic monopoles in gauge theories with the symmetry broken to a non-Abelian subgroup. I discuss how these arise and show how they are manifested as clouds of massless fields surrounding massive monopoles. The dynamics of these clouds is discussed, and the scattering of massless monopole clouds and massive monopoles is described.

The excess of antiprotons (P) observed in cosmic rays has been attributed to their production in supernova_(SN) envelopes expanding in dense clouds. While creating P, y-rays are also produced and these clouds would shine as y-ray sources. The evolution of the Y-ray spectrum has been calculated for clouds of nH = 104 and 105/cm 3.

Cirrus clouds above Zurich's local mountain Uetliberg (871m). Cirrus clouds exist in the upper troposphere, at altitudes between 7 and 17 km. Because cirrus clouds cover up to 30% of the Earth surface they play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and climate (photo: SPARC Office; feel free to provide photos for future SPARC newsletters).

The southern Andes create a variety of atmospheric phcromena, b:* &ese have not been well studied. In this paper, we describe our preliminary observations and modeling of a few of these phenomena including: the sharp vegetation gradient on the eastern slopes, orographic triggering ofroll convection, foehn wall and short lee-wave trains, liquid clouds capping ice clouds, "bullef' clouds, and iso...

Knowledge of physical conditions in molecular clouds is a prerequisite for deriving the distribution of molecular material in the Milky Way and other galaxies, understanding star formation within these dense regions, the stellar initial mass function, and appreciating the eeects of interaction of young stars with their natal environment. In this lecture, I review some of the basic techniques fo...

We present infrared and millimeter observations of molecular gas, dust and ionized gas towards a sample of clouds distributed along the 500 central pc of the Galaxy. The clouds were selected to investigate the physical state, in particular the high gas temperatures, of the Galactic center region (GCr) clouds located far from far-infrared of thermal radio continuum sources. We have found that th...

We discuss possible distortions of the ionization history of the Universe in the model with small scale baryonic clouds. The corresponding scales of the clouds are much smaller than the typical galactic mass scales. These clouds are considered in a framework of the cosmological model with the isocurvature and adiabatic perturbations. In this model the baryonic clouds do not influence on the cos...