Growing evidence suggests that plant-soil interactions have important implications for plant community composition. However, the role of phylogenetic relatedness in governing interactions between plants and soil biota is unclear, and more case studies are needed to help build a general picture of whether and how phylogeny might influence plant-soil interactions. We performed a glasshouse experi...

Some genomic evaluation models require creation and inversion of a genomic relationship matrix (G). As the number of genotyped animals increases, G becomes larger and thus requires more time for inversion. A single-step genomic evaluation also requires inversion of the part of the pedigree relationship matrix for genotyped animals (A(22)). A strategy was developed to provide an approximation of...

Intraspecific aggression between clonal cnidarians is not random with respect to genotype; instead, agonistic behavior is modified according to the relatedness of contestants such that clonemates and close relatives behave passively, whereas more distant relatives behave aggressively. Aggression is often costly, with contestants suffering injury and losing space for attachment and growth. Simil...

Abstract Family solidarities remain strong in African societies. In Ouagadougou, transfers within extended family networks provide an omnipresent means for coping with life's difficulties, and the desired number of children remains relatively high. The role maintaining high fertility is rarely studied however lack data conventional demographic surveys. This study uses original retrospective log...

A postal survey was sent to close relatives of Swedish patients with ALS and progressive MS to assess preparatory grief according to the Anticipatory Grief Scale (AGS), together with age, relationship, duration of the illnesses, perceived quality of care, present need of care, caregiver burden, and need of support. The relatives in the two illness groups generally responded in similar ways on t...

BACKGROUND The influence of family and friends on an individual‘s fertility has long been an important topic within demography. Researchers who focus on social network effects and evolutionary demography have shown a renewed interest in this issue in recent years. However, only a few studies have been conducted in contemporary low-fertility, resource-rich settings. OBJECTIVE This study investig...

in carrying out research in mythology and literary works in the world, we see some works in which the subject matter is a combat between close relatives; especially father and son. these stories are in different forms like myth, tragedy, epic, fiction and religious narratives but they are close together in structure and basic plot and have special features peculiar to them. but, what's the...