During the maintenance of a program, not only the source code but also the code clones contained in it evolve. Some recent studies focused on detecting patterns in the history of code clones to evaluate the harmfulness of clones. Since clone evolution is a rather novel field of study, there is still need for more comprehensive models and improved methodologies. Current approaches are limited to...

Tempranillo is one of the most widely cultivated grapevine varieties in Spain. After several years of clone selection, some highly recommended old clones have been identified in terms of both their qualitative and production characteristics. This study was designed to discriminate among 28 ancient clones of the cultivar Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera). DNA samples from clones were analysed using t...

Resistance to insecticides used control pests is an issue of increasing concern for agriculture. The grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, a pest cereals and grasses worldwide, one growing due the evolution resistance certain insecticides. confers benefits insects by enabling them survive exposure insecticide compounds; however, mutations conferring may also penalise insect in pesticide-free environmen...