The range conditions explain its health as a management tool. Obviously, theimplementation of this important assessment requires the most appropriate study methodfor each region. In order to select the most appropriate methods of range conditions inKabirkooh grasslands of Zagros in Iran, five estimation methods (i.e. six-factor, fourfactor,vegetation and soil combination, value of pasture and c...

– To reduce predation risk, animals must employ effective predator-detection strategies. Many species rely on prior experience, or learning, to detect predation risk, but this strategy is ineffective when exposed to an unfamiliar potential predator. Many species, however, exhibit an innate response to potential predator species but to our knowledge, no studies have examined the response of bird...

Stockholm, Sweden Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE–106 91 Stockholm, Sweden School of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK Historic Collections, King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3SW, UK Institute of Genetics, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK S:ta Toras väg 28, SE...

Eugene Odum’s 1969 paper, The Strategy of Ecosystem Development, marks a watershed moment in approaches to the study of succession, ecosystem change caused by discrete disturbances. He argued that succession is unique from other kinds of change with regard to mechanisms (modification of the physical environment by the community), trajectory (orderly, directional and predictable), and endpoint (...

Detailed numerical flow and radionuclide simulations are used to predict the flux of radionuclides from three underground nuclear tests located in the Climax granite stock on the Nevada Test Site. The numerical modeling approach consists of both a regional-scale and local-scale flow model. The regional-scale model incorporates conceptual model uncertainty through the inclusion of five models of...