نتایج جستجو برای: climate variables

تعداد نتایج: 475299  

2013
Sanjeev Kumar Jha Gregoire Mariethoz Jason P. Evans Matthew F. McCabe

[1] A downscaling approach based on multiple-point geostatistics (MPS) is presented. The key concept underlying MPS is to sample spatial patterns from within training images, which can then be used in characterizing the relationship between different variables across multiple scales. The approach is used here to downscale climate variables including skin surface temperature (TSK), soil moisture...

2012
Christine Nam Sandrine Bony Jean-Louis Dufresne H. Chepfer C. Nam S. Bony J.-L. Dufresne

[1] Previous generations of climate models have been shown to under-estimate the occurrence of tropical low-level clouds and to over-estimate their radiative effects. This study analyzes outputs frommultiple climate models participating in the Fifth phase of the CoupledModel Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) using the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project Observations Simulator Package (CO...

2007
M. Heimann Youmin Chen Galina Churkina Martin Heimann

2014
H. S. Sundqvist D. S. Kaufman N. P. McKay N. L. Balascio J. P. Briner L. C. Cwynar H. P. Sejrup H. Seppä D. A. Subetto J. T. Andrews Y. Axford J. Bakke H. J. B. Birks S. J. Brooks A. de Vernal A. E. Jennings F. C. Ljungqvist K. M. Rühland C. Saenger J. P. Smol A. E. Viau

We present a systematic compilation of previously published Holocene proxy climate records from the Arctic. We identified 170 sites from north of 58 N latitude where proxy time series extend back at least to 6 cal ka (all ages in this article are in calendar years before present – BP), are resolved at submillennial scale (at least one value every 400± 200 years) and have age models constrained ...

2014
Michael ZeMp

O bservations are fundamental to advancing scientific understanding of climate (Doherty et al. 2009; Shapiro et al. 2010) and delivering the vetted, timely, and purposeful climate information needed to support decision making in many sectors. Observations and monitoring are key elements of the emerging Global Framework for Climate Services (WMO 2011a) and more generally support climate research...

2011
Maximilian Auffhammer Wolfram Schlenker

This paper provides an introduction to climate data sets, climate models, and the output they provide. We identify five major issues related to the use of gridded historical weather products and climate model output: Spatially specific prediction error due to the coarse resolution of climate model output; spatially varying correlations between different weather indicators; differences in cross ...

2010
Jianwei Zhang

This study investigated the characteristics of organizational climate and its effects on organizational variables. Investigation of 419 participants including both managers and employees indicated as follows: educational level, position and length of time working for the current organization had significant main effects on organizational climate; specialty, enterprise character and enterprise s...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه پیام نور - دانشگاه پیام نور استان همدان - دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی 1390

the present research has been deducted from a provincial research project which aims at determining the relationship of variables of variables of occupational self-concept, intelligence beliefs and metacognitive with entrepreneurship among the students of payame noor university of kurdistan. the volume of the samples was 1080 students (576 female and 504 male students). the research methodology...

Journal: :Ecology letters 2017
Simon J Goring John W Williams

Contemporary forest inventory data are widely used to understand environmental controls on tree species distributions and to construct models to project forest responses to climate change, but the stability and representativeness of contemporary tree-climate relationships are poorly understood. We show that tree-climate relationships for 15 tree genera in the upper Midwestern US have significan...

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