Even though the positive influences of nature on human health have been known for many decades, few studies have been carried out exclusively about the psychological benefits of exposure to water and sky as natural blue elements in built environments. Hence, close-ended questionnaire along with structured interviews (with open-ended questions) are applied to investigate the main question of thi...

After briefly describing the origins and recent history of agroecology, the author critically reflects on what makes agroecology fundamentally different from climate smart agriculture (CSA). This article focuses in particular on the more transformative elements of the agroecology and food sovereignty paradigm to clearly identify overlaps and divergences with CSA and explore its incommensurable ...

The focus of the great majority of climate change impact studies is on changes in mean climate. In terms of climate model output, these changes are more robust than changes in climate variability. By concentrating on changes in climate means, the full impacts of climate change on biological and human systems are probably being seriously underestimated. Here we briefly review the possible impact...

Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) during the 2003–2004 Arctic winter led to the production and subsequent transport of reactive odd nitrogen (NOx =NO+NO2) from the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) into the stratosphere. This caused NOx enhancements in the polar upper stratosphere in April 2004 that were unprecedented in the satellite record. Simulations of the 2003–2004 Arctic winte...

the process regarding the formation of different mosque gardens and the elements that contribute to the respective process is the from the foci point of this paper. the significance of the topic lies in the fact that certain scholars have associated the courtyard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of various typ...

INTRODUCTION The ocean plays a central role in our earth’s climate system and also provides a range of important ecosystem services, including food, energy, transport, and nutrient cycling. Marine biogeochemistry focuses on the study of complex biological, chemical, and physical processes involved in the cycling of key chemical elements within the ocean, and between the ocean and the seafloor, ...

Subtask 1 of the IEA ECBCS Annex 41 (IEA 2007) project had the purpose to advance development in modelling of integral Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) transfer processes that take place in “whole buildings”. Such modelling considers all relevant elements of buildings: The indoor air, building envelope, inside constructions, furnishing, systems and users. The building elements interact with each ot...

Abstract This study offers insights into the institutional arrangements established to coordinate policies aiming at mitigation of and adaptation climate change. Drawing on literature policy design, we highlight as elements design spaces contend that they fall four categories either stress political or problem orientation this activity: optimal, technical, political, sub-optimal. We use origina...

This report presents a framework to systematically identify and organize barriers that may impede managing the risks and impacts resulting from climate change (such as those caused by sea level rise, shifts in seasons, changes in water supply availability, and others). The framework targets planned adaptation (that is, preparation for and management of impacts) and focuses on potentially challe...

the present study focuses on the formation of various types of yards in mosques and the elements that contribute to the respective process. the significance of the issue lies in that certain scholars have associated the yard in mosques with the concept of garden, and have not taken into account the elements that contribute to the development of mosque yards of various types. the theoretical fin...