Three-dimensional (3D) gas clathrates are ice-like but distinguished from bulk ices by containing polyhedral nano-cages to accommodate small gas molecules. Without space filling by gas molecules, standalone 3D clathrates have not been observed to form in the laboratory, and they appear to be unstable except at negative pressure. Thus far, experimental evidence for guest-free clathrates has only...

Recently, the applications of hydrate phenomena in industrial processes have been increasing. A clathrate or is a solid, ice-like compound that forms when water/guest mixed under certain conditions. Hydrogen water molecules bond with guest to form crystal lattice. Different guests can Clathrate (e.g., gases liquids). Dilute Sulfuric acid usually generated at different plants, and these dilute a...