in this paper we give sharp upper bounds on the zagreb indices and characterize all trees achieving equality in these bounds. also, we give lower bound on first zagreb coindex of trees.

The cranial anatomy of the flat-skulled hadrosaurine Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae) is extensively described here, based on the holotype and paratype collected from the middle part of the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in southern Alberta. Focus is given to previously undocumented features of ontogenetic and phylogenetic importance. This description facilitates overall osteolog...

Abstract Molecular methods have revolutionised virtually every area of biology, and metazoan phylogenetics is no exception: molecular phylogenies, clocks, comparative phylogenomics, developmental genetics generated a plethora data spanning numerous taxa collectively transformed our understanding the evolutionary history animals, often corroborating but at times opposing results more traditional...

Abstract A phylogeny based on the analysis of six DNA sequence markers (ITS, ndhA intron, rpl32‐trnL , rps3, rps16 and rps16‐trnK ) is used to infer ancestral areas divergence times, reconstruct biogeographical history evolution 150 183 (82%) species Muhlenbergia . Our results suggest that genus originated 9.3 mya in Sierra Madre (Occidental Oriental) Mexico, splitting into lineages: M. ramulos...

Estimating urban trees growth, especially tree height is very important in urban landscape management. The aim of the study was to predict of tree height base on tree diameter. To achieve this goal, 921 trees from five species were measured in five areas of Mashhad city in 2014. The evaluated trees were ash tree (Fraxinus species), plane tree (Platanus hybrida), white mulberry (Morus alba), ail...

Measuring consistency of preferences is very important in decision-making. This paper addresses this key issue for interval-valued reciprocal preference relations. Existing studies implement one of two different measures: the “classical” consistency measure, and the “boundary” consistency measure. The classical consistency degree of an interval-valued reciprocal preference relation is determine...

Nowadays soccer is the most practiced sport in the world and moves a multimillionaire market. Therefore, a club that is able to recruit and develop talented players to theirs fullest potential has a lot of advantages and economic benefits. However, in most clubs the players are selected through scouts and coaches recommendation, with predictive success based mostly on intuition than other objec...

We propse the one-line search (OLS) method for estimating the three-dimensional (3-D) model of an object from a sequence of images where the object is visible from different points of view. The OLS method estimates each 3-D point through a OLS along the ray defined by the camera center and its two-dimensional (2-D) image projection in one view by maximizing a photo-consistency index built with ...

Since 1990, Business Models emerged as a new unit of interest among both academics and practitioners. An emerging theme in the growing academic literature is focused on developing a system that employs business models as a focal point of enterprise classification. In this paper we attempt a historical analysis of the video game industry business model evolution and examine the process through t...

What weight estimation method to choose in the Analytic Hierarchy Process is an important study subject, because each local estimate weight value depends on an employed weight estimation method and hence the global decision making result of the AHP, which is obtained by integrating estimated local weights, is also affected by the employed weight estimation method. The optimality of the weight e...