In this paper, we present a comparative numerical analysis to determine the refractive index of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) by using FDFD method and used the results to evaluate the confinement losses of PCFs by considering the effects of air-hole rings in the cladding. It is shown that by increasing the wavelength, the imaginary part of refraction index rises, resulting in increase of conf...

It is demonstrated that it is possible to switch the magnetisation of nanomagnets by employing the exchange interaction between magnets. This can implement on-chip clocking for nanomagnetic logic circuits by using a current-carrying copper wire circularly wrapped by ferromagnetic cladding. This scheme is potentially more energy efficient than yoked cladding clocking using an external magnetic f...

We study plasmonic waveguides with dielectric cores and hyperbolic multilayer claddings. The proposed design provides better performance in terms of propagation length and mode confinement in comparison to conventional designs, such as metal-insulator-metal and insulator-metal-insulator plasmonic waveguides. We show that the proposed structures support long-range surface plasmon modes, which ex...

C ladding is a well-established process for improving the wear and corrosion resistance of metal parts. While traditional arc welding and laser-based methods are economically viable processes that deliver excellent results, there is a risk of carbide grain formation during the cladding process, which can compromise the mechanical strength and lifetime of the cladding. This article reviews a new...

Intermetallide phase formation was studied in a powdered Fe–Al system under layer by layer laser cladding with the aim of fabricating the gradient of properties by means of changing the Fe–Al concentration ratio in the powder mixture from layer to layer. The relationships between the laser cladding parameters and the intermetallic phase structures in the consecutively cladded layers were determ...

Cladding-pumped solid-core photonic bandgap Raman fiber amplifiers are analyzed theoretically as possible candidates for power scaling. An example fiber design with a mode field diameter of 46 µm and a cladding diameter of 250 µm is calculated to exhibit 0.12 dB/km of confinement loss at the first Stokes wavelength and >10 dB/m at the second Stokes wavelength for a pump wavelength of 1.567 µm w...

This paper lays out a road map for computer-integrated design and manufacture of building-specific cladding systems, describing the key implementation phases and highlighting domains (supply chain organization, software vendors, suppliers, process modellers, etc) involved in each phase. It takes a holistic look at the way forward, identifying that such a long-term transformation will need to be...

We report the results of our preliminary investigation on the use of hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) for hydrophone application. The response of the commercial HC-1550-02 fiber to acoustic pressure, in terms of normalized responsivity (NR), is measured to be - 334.4 dB re 1 microPa(-1). This agrees well with the theoretically predicated value of -331.6 dB re 1 microPa(-1) and is abo...

The dependence of optical modal gain and loss on GaN:Eu growth temperature is reported. GaN:Eu thin films were grown on Si substrates with AlGaN transition and cladding layers at temperatures ranging from 600 degrees C to 850 degrees C. The modal gain and loss in the GaN:Eu layer were a strong function of the optically active Eu atomic concentration and of the interface quality between the acti...

Widely used descriptions and relationships for birefringence and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), developed primarily for ultraviolet-induced long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) written in optical fiber, can be invalid for other types of LPFG. The understanding of PDL is expanded to include LPFGs with birefringence in the core only, in the cladding only, and in both the core and the cladding. ...