Steven Cowie reveals what happened when the homefront became battlefront in When Hell Came to Sharpsburg: The Battle of Antietam and its Impact on Civilians Who Called it Home. Reviewer Annabelle Blevins Pifer writes that “from beginning thrusts you into lives Sharpsburg residents” demonstrates town’s civilians had no choice but become part war. two armies interrupted their daily lives, caused ...

Abstract In this essay, I propose five principles to make U.S. nuclear deterrence policy more just and effective in the future: sever link between mass killing of innocent civilians by focusing targeting on adversaries’ military power senior political leadership, not their population; never use or plan a weapon against any target that could be destroyed neutralized conventional weapons; reject ...

Abstract Building on recent developments in the literature, this article addresses a prominent research question study of civil conflict: what explains violence against civilians? We use novel computational model to investigate strategic incentives for victimization network setting; one that incorporates civilians’ behavior. argue conflicts with high competition—where conflict between any two a...

Do political elites use armed groups to foster civilian participation in genocidal violence? Are employed strategically? How do they mobilize civilians? I investigate these questions using data from the Rwandan Genocide. To establish causality, exploit exogenous variation groups’ transport costs induced by weather fluctuations: shortest distance of each village main road interacted with rainfal...