Citrate synthase catalyses the initial reaction of the citric acid cycle and can therefore be considered as the rate-controlling enzyme for the entry of substrates into the cycle. In Corynebacterium glutamicum, the specific activity of citrate synthase was found to be independent of the growth substrate and of the growth phase. The enzyme was not affected by NADH or 2-oxoglutarate and was only ...

Chromatography of extracts of maize on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose resolves starch synthase activity into two fractions (Ozbun, Hawker, Preiss 1971 Plant Physiol 48: 785-769). Only starch synthase I is capable of synthesis in the absence of added primer and the presence of 0.5 molar citrate. This enzyme fraction has been purified about 1,000-fold from maize kernels homozygous for the endosperm ...

Progression of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in the heterozygous male Han:SPRD rat is dramatically slowed by ingestion of potassium or sodium citrate. This study examined the efficacy of delayed therapy with sodium citrate, the effect of sodium citrate therapy on kidney cortex levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and the response to calcium citrate ingest...

Citrate is the predominant organic acid associated with taste in citrus fruit. Although citrate metabolism has been widely studied in recent years, the potential contributions of transport proteins to citrate content remain unclear. In the present study, high-acid citrus fruit Gaocheng ('GC', Citrus sp.) and low-acid citrus fruit Satsuma mandarin ('SM', Citrus unshiu Marc.) were selected for st...

Based on the citrate model of Lobit and colleagues and measured data, a new model, which is able to reproduce the variation over time of citrate concentration in two peach cultivars, has been proposed. As in the original one, the new model calculates the rate of citrate synthesis or degradation as the product of a 'synthesis potential' and an 'efficiency level'. While in the old model the 'effi...

BACKGROUND: Children diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) respond well to therapy resulting in relatively good prognosis. The exceptions are those who continue to have minimal residual disease (MRD). MRD NHL cells have been characterized as having increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers with increased expression of citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. A proof-of-concept ...

The effects of Cd2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ on the decomposition of citric acid by a Klebsiella sp. were studied by monitoring the degradation of [14C]citrate. The carbon concentration used was 10 micrograms of C liter-1, and the media were designed to provide at least 95% of the citrate complexed to the metal studied. After 72 h of incubation, 80% of the uncomplexed citric acid and 76% of the ma...

Effects of 10 microM cadmium (supplied as Cd nitrate) on the utilization and allocation of iron (Fe) were investigated in poplar (Populus alba L.) plants grown in nutrient solution with Fe(III)-EDTA or Fe(III)-citrate as the Fe source. The effects of Cd were also compared with those of Fe deprivation. The accumulation of Fe in roots was 10-fold higher in plants grown with Fe-citrate than with F...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is able to grow anaerobically with citrate as a sole carbon and energy source by a fermentative pathway involving the Na(+)-dependent citrate carrier CitS, citrate lyase, and oxaloacetate decarboxylase. The corresponding genes are organized in the divergent citC and citS operons, whose expression is strictly dependent on the citrate-sensing CitA-CitB two-component system. ...

Abstract Astaxanthin is an important ketocarotenoid widely used in industries. However, its application limited because of low yield. Sodium citrate (Na-citrate), one the major carbon sources for microorganisms, can promote cell growth and product accumulation. The basidiomycetous red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous was thus to study effect Na-citrate on astaxanthin synthesis. highest bioma...