Consider a four-quadrant detector consisting of four circular active regions of area Aq each, placed symmetrically around the sample, as shown schematically in Fig. 1(a). The sample holder is inserted from the right, and the quadrants are 90° apart, oriented symmetrically at ±45° with respect to the primary tilt axis. The specimen tilt angles are labeled  and β, with positive angles correspond...

Gastric and sphincter motility evoked by intravenous injection of CCK-8 were investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Digital ultrasonomicrometry was used to monitor pyloric (PYL), antral (ANT), corpus (COR), and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) movements while simultaneously measuring intragastric pressure (IGP) and, in some experiments, subdiaphragmatic intraesophageal pressure (sIEP). Int...

In engineering practice, slots of different shapes and orientations are made with a view to satisfy the functional requirements. The presence of slots increases the complexity of the analysis (by stress concentration) of structural members/elements. Studies have been commonly done on plain concrete slab with rectangular and circular opening, while only few studies have been done on slots of lar...

background: considering that complications and outcome of each method of pediatric inguinal hernia repair are one of the determinants for pediatric surgeons for selection of the appropriate surgical technique, we compared the early and late complications of two inguinal repair techniques, with and without opening the external oblique muscle fascia. materials and methods: in this double-blind cl...

Atresia ani is a congenital defect describes absence of a normal anal opening. It is fatal unless surgical correction is carried out to provide anal opening. In female, the rectum may break through vagina forming a rectovaginal fistula permitting defecation via the vulva. Surgical treatment of atresia ani is indicated to save the animal life and to improve body weight gain. Ten kids and eight l...

The stretching capability of the zonules was studied in 40 human eyes obtained postmortem from 27 patients. A continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) (2.2-6.8 mm) was performed, and the lenses were removed by either phacoemulsification (26 eyes) or planned extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) (14 eyes). Maximal zonular stretch was calculated as the difference in distance between the ciliary...

The mental foramen is described in literature as an oval or circular opening on the anterior surface of the mandible, usually below the apex of the first or second premolar or between the first and second premolars. The inferior alveolar nerve and artery enter the mandibular foramen and after traveling through the body, exit at the mental foramen as the mental nerve and vessels. These nerves pr...

We have investigated the ontogeny of light-driven responses in mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Using a large-scale, high-density multielectrode array, we recorded from hundreds to thousands of RGCs simultaneously at pan-retinal level, including dorsal and ventral locations. Responses to different contrasts not only revealed a complex developmental profile for ON, OFF and ON-OFF responses, ...

The external morphology and internal structure of the male sexual tube of the hermit crab Micropagurus acantholepis, a member of the family Paguridae from Australian waters, is described in detail using histological thick sectioning and scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques. This is the first in-depth study of a sexual tube in the Paguroidea, a group where a remarkable number...

A parameter study of dual-polarized tapered slot antenna (TSA) arrays shows the key features that affect the wide-band and widescan performance of these arrays. The overall performance can be optimized by judiciously choosing a combination of parameters. In particular, it is found that smaller circular slot cavities terminating the bilateral slotline improve the performance near the low end of ...