Cigarette smoking is a major lifestyle-related risk factor for periodontal diseases. However, the pathophysiological role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease has yet to be fully elucidated. Here we report that the systemic administration of cigarette smoke condensate or nicotine, which is the major ingredient of cigarette smoke, augmented alveolar bone loss. Concomitantly, the number of...

AbstractBackground: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an ancient type of smoking that has become a globalphenomenon. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its relation tosocio-demographic characteristics in Herat University students in western Afghanistan.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a structured self-administered questionnaire containing 53 items in3 ...

background : most people start smoking during teenage years. there is an increasing trend in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among children and adolescents in recent years. the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated risk factors among high-school students. methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted in january 2010 in hamadan ci...

The incidence of smoking has increased significantly in the past several decades. Studies have been conducted in many Western countries into the effects of cigarette smoking on health. The following conclusions of the U.S. Public Health Services study are cited: 1) cigarette smoking is causally related to lung cancer in men; 2) the risk of developing lung cancer is related to the amount and d...

BACKGROUND Characterizing smoking behavior is important for informing etiologic models and targeting prevention efforts. This study explored the effects of both individual- and community-level variables in predicting cigarette use vs. non-use and level of use among adolescents as they transition into adulthood. METHODS Data on 14,779 youths (53% female) were drawn from the National Longitudin...

Background: Cigarette butts have been shown to release numerous kinds of chemicals such as heavy metals in water and may be a continual source of aquatic environments contamination after discarding. The objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of Cd and Pb in cigarette filters of different Iranian and non-Iranian brands in smoked and non-smoked samples. Methods: Ten d...

introduction: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have a well-known effect on the development of upper aerodigestive tract carcinomas, but such a role for opium is questionable. this study was designed to assess the correlation between opium inhalation and cancer of the larynx and upper esophagus. materials and methods: fifty eight patients with laryngeal cancer, ninety eight patients wit...

OBJECTIVE Electronic cigarette smoking is gaining dramatic popularity and is steadily spreading among the adolescents, high income, urban population around the world. The aim of this study is to highlight the hazards of e-cigarette smoking on human health. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we identified 38 published studies through a systematic database searches including ISI-web of scienc...

Background In contrast to cigarette smoking, the association between water pipe smoking and airway hyperresponsiveness remains widely unexplored. Methods A bronchoprovocation challenge with mannitol was performed in young adults recruited at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Subjects were categorized as acute water pipe smokers (single episode of water pipe smoking, no or <0.5 pack-years ...

Tobacco smoking is a major world health problem. Recently, waterpipe smoking has become more popular in many countries. Although the genotoxicity associated with cigarette smoking has been extensively investigated, studies evaluating such toxicity in waterpipe users are still lacking. In this study, we examined the genotoxicity of waterpipe smoking in lymphocytes compared with the genotoxicity ...