The metabolism and covalent binding of the environmen tal carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene, a constituent of cigarette smoke, has been determined in isolated perfused lungs of shamand cigarette smoke-exposed and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 hr daily for either 1 or 10 days. Benzo(a)pyrene (2 nmoles) was instilled intratracheally, and meta...

The metabolism and covalent binding of the environmen tal carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene, a constituent of cigarette smoke, has been determined in isolated perfused lungs of shamand cigarette smoke-exposed and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated male Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 hr daily for either 1 or 10 days. Benzo(a)pyrene (2 nmoles) was instilled intratracheally, and meta...

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the impact of cigarette smoke exposure upon CD40-CD40L ligation between bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs)and CD4+T cells, and to examine the effects of cigarette smoke exposure upon differentiation of CD4+T cells toward Th17 cells through blockade of CD40-CD40L pathway in mice. Methods The study was processed in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Th1...

AIM To demonstrate a direct inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke exposure on paraoxonase 1 activity in a murine in vivo model. METHODS At 8 weeks old, we randomized 10 C57/bl6 mice to an environment consisting of either filtered air or cigarette smoke for 6 months. Smoke exposure (7 hours per day, 5 days per week) was standardized using a model TE-10 smoking machine and adjusted to maintain c...

Addition of menthol to cigarettes may be associated with increased initiation of smoking. The potential mechanisms underlying this association are not known. Menthol, likely due to its effects on cold-sensing peripheral sensory neurons, is known to inhibit the sensation of irritation elicited by respiratory irritants. However, it remains unclear whether menthol modulates cigarette smoke irritan...

We showed previously that p53 mutations play a role in cigarette smoke-related carcinogenesis not only in humans but also in A/J mice. In fact, (UL53-3 x A/J)F(1) mice, carrying a dominant-negative germ-line p53 mutation, responded to exposure to environmental cigarette smoke more efficiently than their wild-type (wt) littermate controls in terms of molecular alterations, cytogenetic damage, an...

BACKGROUND/AIM Several studies have demonstrated that cigarette smoke has detrimental effects on testicular function. However, it is unknown whether melatonin or BQ-123 has beneficial effects on the rat testis damage caused by cigarette smoke. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of melatonin or BQ-123 on the testicular damage caused by cigarette smoke. MATER...

Cholinergic tone contributes to airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Accordingly, anticholinergics are effective bronchodilators by blocking the muscarinic M3 receptor on airway smooth muscle. Recent evidence indicates that acetylcholine also contributes to airway inflammation. However, which muscarinic receptor subtype(s) regulates this process is unknown. In this stud...

Purinergic receptor activation via extracellular ATP is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1/CD39 hydrolyses extracellular ATP and modulates P2 receptor signalling.We aimed to investigate the expression and function of CD39 in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in patients and precli...

Cigarette smoke is a profound proinflammatory stimulus that causes acute lung inflammation and chronic lung disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis), via a variety of mechanisms, including oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke contains high levels of free radicals, whereas inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, express en...