The authors of the meta-analysis of a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-based invasive strategy for improving prognosis for the treatment of angina conclude that a pooling of data from various studies can be sufficiently powered to evaluate the impact of PCI on long-term mortality. However, most randomized coronary artery patient trials have insufficient power to detect significant diffe...

Background: The rate of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries is approximately 60% and it is still has an increasing trend. The clinical effectiveness of aspirin in preventing cardiovascular events has been well proven. Although aspirin is an effective and inexpensive drug, its consumption is not equally beneficial for all patients. Many factors can be affective on the efficacy of ant...

In the management of stable angina, there is time to optimize medical treatment while using stress testing to stratify long-term risk. Percutaneous coronary intervention does not decrease mortality or risk of myocardial infarction when compared with rigorously applied optimal medical treatment and should not be considered as part of a secondary prevention strategy. Whereas all patients should r...

Ischemic heart disease includes a wide spectrum of conditions, ranging from silent ischemia and exertion-induced angina, through unstable angina, to acute MI. Unstable angina occupies the center of this spectrum, causing disability and risk greater than that of chronic stable angina but less than that of acute MI (Fig 1). Although non–Q-wave MI for many years was considered prognostically simil...

background: atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder with chronic inflammatory conditions in which immune cells play a significant role in its pathogenic process. regulatory t cells (treg), as a part of immune system, are involved in controlling autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. quantitative and/or functional alteration of tregs has been shown to play an atheroprotective role and may al...

We assessed the long-term outcomes of enhanced external counterpulsation in relieving angina and improving the quality of life in a large cohort of patients with chronic angina pectoris. Seventy-three percent had a reduction by > or =1 angina class at the end of treatment, and 50% reported an improvement in the quality-of-life assessment after enhanced external counterpulsation; these results w...

Background: Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder with chronic inflammatory conditions in which immune cells play a significant role in its pathogenic process. Regulatory T cells (Treg), as a part of immune system, are involved in controlling autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Quantitative and/or functional alteration of Tregs has been shown to play an atheroprotective role and may al...

Background. Patients with chronic coronary artery disease exhibit a dysfunctioning endothelium, which may be responsible for exercise-induced platelet activation and expression of a procoagulant moiety. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a low molecular weight heparin (Parnaparin) in patients with stable angina pectoris. Methods and Results. According to a double-blind, ran...

BACKGROUND Antibody antioxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) might play a role both in atherogenesis and in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes. METHODS AND RESULTS Antibody titres to oxLDL and levels of C-reactive protein were compared in unstable angina, stable angina or peripheral artery disease. Antibody titres to LDL oxidated by CuSO(4)for 2, 4 and 18 h (Cu-oxLDL-Ab(2-4-18)...

AIMS To evaluate the anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic efficacy of the selective I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris receiving beta-blocker therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS In this double-blinded trial, 889 patients with stable angina receiving atenolol 50 mg/day were randomized to receive ivabradine 5 mg b.i.d. for 2 months, increased to 7.5 mg b.i.d. ...