INTRODUCTION Most clinically significant injuries involving the rotator cuff muscle are diagnosed and treated in a chronic setting. Those rotator cuff injuries requiring surgical repair of the tendon have a surprisingly high failure rate when analyzed with imaging; failure rates for massive tears have been reported to be as high as 80%. These failures are due in part to atrophy of the chronical...

BACKGROUND The Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms AC1 and AC8, couple NMDA receptor activation to cAMP signaling pathways in neurons and are important for development, learning and memory, drug addiction and persistent pain. AC1 and AC8 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the spinal cord were previously shown to be important in subcutaneous inflammatory pain. Muscl...

Chronic heart failure is one of the most serious medical problems in the United States, affecting some 4 million persons. In spite of its common occurrence, and comprehensive literature regarding this condition, no unifying hypothesis has been accepted to explain the signs and symptoms of chronic heart failure. The cardiocirculatory and neurohormonal models place an emphasis on left ventricular...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous tactile allodynia, or painful hypersensitivity to mechanical stimulation of the skin, is typically associated with neuropathic pain, although also present in chronic pain patients who do not have evidence of nerve injury. We examine whether deep tissue microvascular dysfunction, a feature common in chronic non-neuropathic pain, contributes to allodynia. RESULTS Persistent...

Background: The low back is a common disorder prevalent in general population having an association with hamstring tightness which needs to be addressed while its prevention or management strategies. objective was find if there any link between CLBP severity and muscle tightness. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study carried out on 160 patients persistent LBP, fulfilling the criteria of s...

Muscle fiber is the basic unit of skeletal muscle. types play a crucial role in improving meat quality. In current study, Wistar rats were chronic injected with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for four weeks order to define 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity on muscle composition, enzyme and mRNA expression type-related genes gastrocnemius (GS) Food inta...

Peripheral muscle dysfunction is a recognized and important systemic consequence of many chronic diseases. Peripheral muscle weakness is associated with excess utilization of health care recourses, morbidity and /or mortality in patients with COPD, congestive heart failure, liver and frail elderly. In the latter group, muscle weakness was associated with significant increase in falling and fall...

Numerous studies have been devoted to the regeneration of the motor pathway toward a denervated muscle after nerve injury. However, the regeneration of sensory muscle endings after repair by self-anastomosis are little studied. In previous electrophysiological studies, our laboratory showed that the functional characteristics of tibialis anterior muscle afferents are differentially affected aft...

Background and Aims: Aim: Pathological vascular remodeling is the underlying cause of main cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including atherosclerosis abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Diminished smooth muscle cell (VSMC) content a key mechanism atherosclerotic plaques AAA instability. We hypothesized that Galectin-1 (Gal-1) could exert protective effects in as previously demonstrated different chro...

Skeletal muscle responds to passive overstretch through sarcomerogenesis, the creation and serial deposition of new sarcomere units. Sarcomerogenesis is critical to muscle function: It gradually re-positions the muscle back into its optimal operating regime. Animal models of immobilization, limb lengthening, and tendon transfer have provided significant insight into muscle adaptation in vivo. Y...