Chronic, progressive, and irreversible loss of a transplanted kidney function, previously named chronic allograft nephropathy, is the leading cause of chronic allograft failure among kidney transplant recipients. Chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD) is a multifactorial process associated with progressive interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Current Data confirms that an additive series of ...

Study question In patients with sarcoidosis, past and ongoing immunosuppressive regimens, recurrent disease in the transplant extrapulmonary involvement may affect outcomes of lung transplantation. We asked whether sarcoidosis phenotypes can be differentiated and, if so, how they relate to pulmonary treated by Patients methods retrospectively reviewed data from 112 who met international diagnos...

ackground: The role of antibody-mediated/humoral rejection in lung allografts is not fully elucidated. In other organ systems, deposition of a specific complement product, C4d, is a sensitive and specific marker for humoral rejection. C4d can be evaluated in tissue biopsies by immunofluorescence or light microscopic immunohistochemical staining techniques. Using immunohistochemical staining tec...