Recent genome sequencing studies have identified several classes of complex genomic rearrangements that appear to be derived from a single catastrophic event. These discoveries identify ways that genomes can be altered in single large jumps rather than by many incremental steps. Here we compare and contrast these phenomena and examine the evidence that they arise "all at once." We consider the ...

Methods to recover an ancestral pre-duplicated genome giving rise to a minimal number of genomic rearrangements. Rearrangement operations considered are reversals and translocations. We obtain exact algorithms running in polynomial time.

Radiation-induced chromosomal rearrangements of h(+) have given rise to several Drosophila stocks that exhibit apparent position-effect inactivation; i.e., flies carrying the rearranged chromosomes heterozygously with h show varying degrees of hairiness. The numbers of hairy chaetae produce a quantifiable index of position effect. Six such "position-allele" stocks are here discussed, both as to...

Multi-break rearrangements break a genome into multiple fragments and further glue them together in a new order. While 2-break rearrangements represent standard reversals, fusions, fissions, and translocations, 3-break rearrangements represent a natural generalization of transpositions. Alekseyev and Pevzner (2007a, 2008a) studied multi-break rearrangements in circular genomes and further appli...

BACKGROUND Genetic aberrations affecting the c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase gene have been reported in a small subset of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated whether ROS1-chromosomal rearrangements could be detected in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and examined tumor heterogeneity of CTCs and tumor biopsies in ROS1-rearranged NSCLC patients. PATIENTS AND ME...

Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure increases the risk of thyroid cancer and other cancer types. Chromosomal rearrangements, such as RET/PTC, are characteristic features of radiation-associated thyroid cancer and can be induced by radiation in vitro. IR causes double-strand breaks (DSBs), suggesting that such damage leads to RET/PTC, but the rearrangement mechanism has not been established. To stu...

Abstract Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is an uncommon type of leukemia. It one kind malignant clonal diseases that expresses more than genealogical specific antigen simultaneously. Most MPAL patients are associated with chromosomal abnormalities and molecular genetic changes, such as t(9;22) (q34;q11) KMT2A (MLL) rearrangement. These usually have important guiding significance in diagno...

The chromosomal polymorphism defined by variations of some regions a person (the constitutive heterochromatin and the short arms acrocentric chromosomes (13 to 15 21 - 22)) sometimes highlighted problems with regard their safety pathogenicity. Polymorphisms are usually found in same family transmitted dominant Mendelian. Chromosome 9 inversion is frequent phenomenon that cytogeneticists conside...

In Drosophila, heterochromatin causes mosaic silencing of euchromatic genes brought next to it by chromosomal rearrangements. Silencing has been observed to "spread": genes closer to the heterochromatic rearrangement breakpoint are silenced more frequently than genes farther away. We have examined silencing of the white and roughest genes in the variegating rearrangements In(1)w(m4), In(1)w(mMc...