-Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds of varying solubilities have been tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit cell growth and nucleic acid and protein syntheses in BHK cells, to induce alterations in the mitotic cycle in HEp cells, and to increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in CHO cells. All Cr(VI) compounds, and particularly those containing so...

The evaluations of the potential carcinogenicity of metallic chromium and trivalent chromium by several international and national agencies [International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 1990; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 1993; Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), 1994; United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), 1998; United States Nation...

The method described in this study is a robust and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of trivalent and hexavalent chromium (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) in an exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sample and drinking water proficiency testing material sample. The method uses a hyphenated micro liquid chromatography (mLC) system coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)....

Due to its extensive use in industrial processes, large quantities of chromium compounds are discharged into the environment. Common approaches for the speciation of Cr employ the determination of Cr(VI) and total Cr. The focus of the present work was a separation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species, with a minimum of sample preparation, by keeping an eye on the more relevant and toxic Cr(VI). For th...

A new method for the speciation of ng/mL concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) solutions with analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is reported. Speciation is achieved by pre-concentration of the chromium onto commercially available cation exchange polymer membranes. Chromium(III) is removed directly by cation exchange; chromium(VI) in the filtrate is reduced to Cr(III) and con...

A fast, simple, and reliable method for determination of hexavalent chromium species in soil aqueous and alkaline extracts has been developed. The procedure is based on the ion-pair extraction of Cr(VI) with methyltrioctylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) into xylene. The extract is analyzed by flame (FAAS) or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). The method allows the detection ...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of hexavalent chromium (K2Cr2O7) on the immune response and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) to bacterial Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish (45 to 50 g) were exposed to 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg l(-1) [0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10% LC50, respectively] of hexavalent chromiu...

On the basis of the chromogenic reaction of chromium(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) on the surface of Polysorb C-18 beads and the sequential injection renewable surface technique (SI-RST), a highly sensitive reflect spectrophotometric method for the determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) was proposed. Considerations of system and flow cell design, and factors that influence ...

The present work was conducted for the synthesis of nano size zerovalent iron (nZVI) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal as a highly toxic pollutant by using this nanoparticles. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of Cr(VI), nZVI concentration, pH of solution and contact time variation on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). nZVI was synthesized by reduction of ferric ...

BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) is considered to be a risk factor to the cardiovascular effects of fine particulate matter components to PM2.5 from traffic in highway patrol officers. RKIP (raf kinase inhibitor protein) is a physiological inhibitor of GRK-2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) and affects β-adrenergic signaling and contractile activity in cardiomyocytes. OBJECTIVES In this study, w...