This report presents some of the results of a study conducted for the New York Academy of Sciences on the sources of past and current emissions of mercury in the Hudson-Raritan basin (HRB), an area of 42,000 square kilometers with a population of fifteen million. Mercury emissions to the atmosphere are reported from all high temperature processes, such as utility, commercial and residential boi...

In this study, we examined if children's food selection met the School Meals Initiative (SMI) standards and the recently released Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Mean food selection, plate waste, and food intake were also examined. Food intake of 2049 4th-6th grade students was measured objectively at lunch over 3 d with digital photography in 33 schools. The percent of children wh...

The metabolism of iron is one of the most important subjects in the field of mineral metabolism. ,There have been numerous investigations of its problems, but until recently they have been seriously limited by the methods of study available. The production of radioactive isotopes of iron (1, 2) provided a new research tool which has proved of great value in the investigation of this field. Iron...

In the search for opportunities to decrease operational costs in iron ore mining, waste disposal by conveyor belt has been considered as an alternative. In this work, this form of waste dump is investigated by means of the construction of a test pile and the assessment of geotechnical characteristics such as shear strength and in situ densities. Results were compared with two other dumps built ...

Heavy metal, chromium (VI) removal by coagulation using natural coagulant material was investigated in this paper. Chromium occurs naturally in the paint manufacturing industry waste water in many steps of the process. The coagulation and flocculation method is used for chromium removal from waste water using fruits of Opuntia Ficus indica, Fruits of Jatropha gossypifolia and peel of Borassus f...

During 2000, the estimated quantity of solid waste generated in Delhi, India was more than 9000 tones per day. This is one of the biggest sources of environmental degradation in capital city of India. Since 1950's over 12 large landfill have been packed with all kinds of nonbiodegradable and toxic waste of Delhi. The area covered is at least 1% (14.83 square kilometer) of total Delhi's area. Al...

Inorganic arsenic removal from water using low-cost adsorbents is presented in this paper. Selective removal of As(III) and As(V) from water was performed with natural materials (zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, pyrolusite and limonite) and industrial by-products (waste filter sand as a water treatment residual and blast furnace slag from steel production); all inexpensive and locally available. ...

The decomposition of H(2)O(2) on iron minerals can generate •OH, a strong oxidant that can transform a wide range of contaminants. This reaction is critical to In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) processes used for soil and groundwater remediation, as well as advanced oxidation processes employed in waste treatment systems. The presence of dissolved silica at concentrations comparable to those en...

OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for anaemia in preschool children. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Tigray province, northern Ethiopia. SUBJECTS 2080 of 2373 children aged 6-60 months provided blood to assess anaemia. RESULTS Anaemia was highly prevalent (42%) and constituted an important nutritional problem in the region. In a sub-sample of 230 anaemic children, 56% had a lo...

In the present study, nano-scale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) was synthesized in ethanol medium by the method of ferric iron reduction using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent under atmospheric conditions. The obtained iron nanoparticles are mainly in zero valent oxidation state and remain without significant oxidation for hours. A systematic characterization of NZVI was performed using XRD, SEM...