The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the cholinergic regulation of heart rate (HR) recovery from an aspect of simulated exercise was investigated in atria isolated from guinea pig to test the hypothesis that NO may be involved in the cholinergic antagonism of the positive chronotropic response to adrenergic stimulation. Inhibition of NO synthesis with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 100 micro M) ...

The effects of stimulation of low-threshold proprioceptive afferents in the tibial nerve on two types of excitatory inputs to α-motoneurons were tested. The first input is formed by glutamatergic Ia sensory afferents contacting monosynaptically α-motoneurons. The second one is the cholinergic input originating from V0c-interneurons, located in lamina X of the spinal cord, modulating activity of...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays important roles in the enteric system in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. There have been no studies on whether H2S is endogenously generated in peripheral sympathetic ganglia and, if so, its effect on synaptic transmission. In this study, we examined the effect of H2S on cholinergic excitatory fast synaptic transmission in the mouse superior mesenteric gangl...

Background Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is topic of mayor interest when identifying individuals at risk for future impairment and dementia. The degeneration the cholinergic system linked to onset symptoms in mild (MCI) Yet, it uncertain whether neurodegeneration already present SCD individuals. This review first synthetize available data on association with multiple markers system. Method...

How the extent and time course of presynaptic inhibition depend on the action potentials of the neuron controlling the terminals is unknown. We investigated this issue in the striatum using paired recordings from cholinergic interneurons and projection neurons. Glutamatergic EPSCs were evoked in projection neurons and cholinergic interneurons by stimulation of afferent fibers in the cortex and ...

Lower oesophageal sphincter supersensitivity to gastrin I and cholinergic stimulation has recently been described in patients with achalasia. To determine the pathogenesis of this finding, the lower oesophageal sphincter was tested to a cholinesterase inhibitor, edrophonium chloride. Edrophonium chloride significantly increased the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure both in normal subjects an...

Initial theories of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep generation posited that induction of the state required activation of the pontine subceruleus (SubC) by cholinergic inputs. Although the capacity of cholinergic neurotransmission to contribute to REM sleep generation has been established, the role of cholinergic inputs in the generation of REM sleep is ultimately undetermined as the critical te...

Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti-inflammatory, and neuroinflammation is increasingly linked to adverse memory, especially in Alzheimer's disease. Much of the evidence surrounding cholinergic impacts on the neuroimmune system focuses on the α7 nicotinic acetylcholin...