In the title compound, C(2)H(7)N(2)O(2) (+)·Cl(-)·H(2)O, the non-H atoms of the cation are approximately coplanar. The organic cations, chloride ions and water mol-ecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane by N-H⋯O, N-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.

In the racemic hydro-chloride salt of the title ester, C(19)H(22)Cl(2)NO(2) (+)·Cl(-), the penta-noic acid chain shows a mixture of trans and gauche orientations to give an overall helical conformation. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 26.11 (10)°. The charged secondary amine function participates in two N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds.

The hindgut of the desert locust possesses an unusual chloride transport system. The isolated locust rectum absorbs chloride from the mucosal (lumen) to the serosal (haemolymph) side at a rate which is equal to the short-circuit current (Isc). Net chloride transport (JClnet) persists in nominally Na-free or HCO3(CO2)-free saline, is insensitive to normal inhibitors of NaCl co-transport and anio...

The reaction between [Ru 2 Cl ( my -Cl) (CO) 6 ] and the biradicaloid [P( -NTer)] proceeds under insertion of a Ru(II)Cl(CO) fragment into one P-N bond addition chloride to adjacent phosphorus center. Thereby an unprecedented ruthenacycle is obtained that was investigated by single crystal X-ray analysis, NMR IR spectroscopy DFT calculations. reactivity complex in halide-pseudo-halide exchange ...

Unidirectional chloride effluxes from small bundles of muscle fibers were measured under equilibrium conditions. It was found that chloride effluxes are described by the constant field theory with a chloride permeability constant, P(cl), which is independent of the chloride concentration and the membrane potential. The value of P(cl) at neutral pH was found to be 5 x 10(-6) cm/sec. Chloride mov...

Previous studies showed that furosemide blocks spontaneous epileptiform activity without diminishing synaptic transmission or reducing hyperexcited field responses to electrical stimuli. We now test the hypothesis that the antiepileptic effects of furosemide are mediated through its blockade of the Na+,K+,2Cl- cotransporter and thus should be mimicked by a reduction of extracellular chloride ([...

Chloride is the major free anion in the extracellular space (>100 mM) and within the cytoplasm in eukaryotes (10 ∼ 20 mM). Cytoplasmic Cl- level is dynamically regulated by Cl- channels and transporters. It is well established that movement of Cl- across the cell membrane is coupled with cell excitability through changes in membrane potential and with water secretion. However, whether cytoplasm...

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [ZnCl(2)(C(5)H(4)ClN)(2)], discrete complex mol-ecules are found in which the Zn(II) cations are coordinated by two chloride anions and the N atoms of the two 3-chloro-pyridine ligands within a slightly distorted tetra-hedron. Moreover, inter-molecular C-Cl⋯Cl-C halogen inter-actions (Cl⋯Cl = 3.442 Å) are found between the building blocks.

Hepatocytes express an array of plasma membrane and intracellular ion channels, yet their role during the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle remains largely undefined. Here, we show that HCV increases intracellular hepatic chloride (Cl(-)) influx that can be inhibited by selective Cl(-) channel blockers. Through pharmacological and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing, we demonstrat...

The dinuclear dichloro complexes [(g-arene)2Ru2(l-Cl)2Cl2] and [(g-C5Me5)2M2(l-Cl)2Cl2] react with 2-(pyridine-2-yl)thiazole (pyTz) to afford the cationic complexes [(g-arene)Ru(pyTz)Cl] (arene = C6H6 1, p-PrC6H4Me 2 or C6Me6 3) and [(g-C5Me5)M(pyTz)Cl] (M = Rh 4 or Ir 5), isolated as the chloride salts. The reaction of 2 and 3with SnCl2 leads to the dinuclear heterometallic trichlorostannyl de...