host innate immunity can affect the clinical outcomes of helicobacter pylori infection, including gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and malt lymphoma. nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (nod)-1 and -2 are two molecules of innate immunity which are involved in the host defense against h. pylori . this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the expression level of nod1 and n...

host innate immunity can affect the clinical outcomes of helicobacter pylori infection, including gastritis, gastric ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and malt lymphoma. nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (nod)-1 and -2 are two molecules of innate immunity which are involved in the host defense against h. pylori . this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the expression level of nod1 and n...

Biomaterials used for tissue engineering applications must provide a structural support for the tissue development and also actively interact with cells, promoting adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. To achieve this goal, adhesion molecules may be used, such as the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). RGD was found to be the major functional amino acid sequence responsible for cellular adhesi...

Chitin is a major molecular pattern for various fungi, and its fragments, chitin oligosaccharides, are known to induce various defense responses in plant cells. A plasma membrane glycoprotein, CEBiP (chitin elicitor binding protein) and a receptor kinase, CERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase) (also known as LysM-RLK1), were identified as critical components for chitin signaling in rice and Ar...

Hormone receptor 3 (HR3), an early-late gene of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling pathway, plays a critical role in insect metamorphosis and development. In this study, we identified characterized HR3 (LsHR3) from cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne. The open reading frame LsHR3 is 1581 bp encoding 527 amino acid protein that contains conserved DNA binding domain ligand domain. was mai...

Some protozoans are able to encyst as a protective response to a harmful environment. The cyst wall usually contains chitin as its main structural constituent. Acanthamoeba is an exception since its cyst wall contains cellulose. Specific cytochemical differentiation between cellulose and chitin by microscopy has not been possible due to the similarity of the constituent beta-1,4-linked hexose b...